INTRODUCTION
Cherry tree in the Caspian Sea, South Caucasus and the North Anatolian, cherry is the line running between Istanbul and the Caspian Sea are the North Anatolian Mountains. In fact, the Latin botanical name of the sour cherry Prunus cerasus, this day, the old name of Giresun Kerasus'dan comes. Cherries and cherry seeds spread to the European continent carried by birds and animals has been. The colonists in America took them cherries. Most of the cultivars were imported from England and the Pacific coast to the first modern cherry production began in the State of Oregon. Cherry variety is possible in the world in 1500.
Cherry and black cherry fruit is particularly rich in minerals. Apart from a few types are used in industry, almost all of produced fresh cherries are consumed. The fruit of cherry juice yield (70-75%) and total acidity (3%) is higher because, as fruit juice is very suitable to be processed. Also produced a deep black cherry ice cream, drying, canning and jam are evaluated as are exported to foreign countries, especially in the frozen state.
Cherries and sour cherry production in Turkey, especially between the years 1965-1985 have been rapid increases. The cherry production in 1965, 47,000 tons in 1985 to reach 130,000 tons, an increase 76'lık% has been realized. The cherry production in 1965 and 24.000 tons in the year 1985 reached 85,000 tons yielded an increase in 245'lük%. In this state, Turkey, the cherry on the 6th World and the cherry on the 5th took place. This rate also increases in later years together we can not catch and was producing 215,000 tons in 1997, cherry, cherry production is increased to 120,000 tons. Cherry trees in our country, to yield approximately 25 per kg.
Cherries in the 5-6 age shifts to yield, but as full and economic efficiency of down 10-12 years. Although they lived 100 years, the economic life of 25-30 years. Cherry is the economic life of 15-20 years.
2. REQUESTS the ECOLOGICAL AND CHERRY CHERRY
2.1. Climate Requests
The most important factor in growing cherry climate is temperature. Flower buds -2.4 ° C can be based until the blooming flowers -2 ° C they also freeze. Woody parts of the cherry -40 ° C until can based. Low temperatures more than cherry cherry rely. Than in spring after flowering cherries for the cherry flowers late spring frost damage to their probability is lower than that.
Requests for the rest of the winter cherry cherry is more important than, they can exit without adequate rest must get cold winters. Unmet requirements of cold cherry blossom is seen delays and irregularities. Lambert, Napoleon, and Bing cherry varieties, such as in high cold-running show needs is more noticeable. Adequately meet the demand in the winter cherry resting the problem is in terms of fertilization. Because, after mild winter, low cold kind of showing the need, indicating the need for high cold than the early flowering varieties, these two types can not fertilize each other tozlayıp. Cherry while, self-productive because, in this regard is not a problem. In general, the +7.2 ° C in cherries and cherry under 'cold period 1100-1700 hours.
Cherry and sour cherry breeding, regular rainfall throughout the year to propagate the most appropriate one. Overall, the 600 mm rainfall areas where cherry, 400 mm rainfall areas where the cherry farming without irrigation can be made. Flowering and fruit formation in cherry and sour cherry during the rainy weather will not want to go. Because heavy rain during flowering and pollination difficult increase of fungi cause damage. During fruit ripening fruit oil of rain could still cause a crack as Sunday lowers the value.
Cherries And Cherry Breeding
2.2. Soil Requests
Was well drained, deep, and can be aired regularly during the summer months can be irrigated soils most suitable for the soil are the cherries. Do not have good drainage, poor soils and sparse fruit trees grow weak branches occurs. Still remains small fruits in dry soil. Ground water is high in areas where the roots of the tree growth is slow and will remain yüzlek. In such cases, the tree increases the risk of drought and frost affected.
Cherry while the soil is more tolerant in terms. Cherry dry, sandy or chalky soils also can be grown. In particular, where a cherry Idris home based on the reviews of the drought increases. According to the ideal breeding ground for cherry cherries are the soil.
3. CHERRY AND SOUR CHERRY AND ROOTSTOCKS of the reproduction
3.1. Reproduction
Most appropriate method of replication, the replication vaccine. Most appropriate form of the vaccine, the vaccine is still observed. Vaccine in the eyes of standing first nursery of wild cherry çöğür need to start. Vegetative growth in the longer Idris is usually grown so late to the vaccine schedule is not until late in the shell to start and to continue this work until the beginning of autumn is possible. Start time of vaccination gözaşısının calm eye becomes mature, the time of completion can be arranged according to the state to the bark of rootstock.
3.2. Broodstock and
3.2.1. Important cherry and sour cherry rootstocks and Çöğür
Cherry (Prunus avium): This species of wild cherry in Turkey, also called wild cherry or bird. In foreign literature is called mazzard. These seeds can germinate well in damp conditions 5 ° C for 120-140 days must be taken to bear. Prunus avium 's kind of match is very good. Will bring long-lasting and strong trees. The poor ventilation, heavy and wet soils are not suitable for cherry çöğür main process.
Idris (Prunus mahaleb): Idris, from the vaccine are grown for the low creates smaller rootstocks. Better adapts to calcareous and dry soil. But is susceptible to damp and heavy soil. Overall, cherries and sour cherry in moist soil when used as rootstock for Idris after 7-8 years in wood drying and death occurs. Such areas should be used wild cherry master.
Cherry (Prunus corasus): This rootstock is often used for cherry. If used for cherry bodurlaşma causes. With cherry to match is not as good. Usually resistant to drought as a cherry rootstock is recommended.
3.2.2 Key of cherry and sour cherry rootstocks
Mazzard F 12 / 1: wild cherry (Prunus avium) were obtained via selection from. Are used as rootstocks for cherries and cherry. Is very resistant to bacterial diseases, steel can be produced easily.
Colt: East Malling research station obtained and Prunus avium x Prunus pseudocerasus hybrid, with steel and variations can be easily replicated to match the better.
Mahaleb SL 64: Idris obtained via selection of seed is a rootstock. All were treated with green IBA if steels can be easily replicated. Calcareous soils are dry and well developed. Corresponds well with cherries and cherry. U.S. 'used as a rootstock for sour cherry is especially.
Stockton Morello: wild cherry seeds obtained by way of the selection is a rootstock. Is used in heavy and moist soils. The beach is not suitable for land. Roots and shoots of this steel that can be easily replicated rootstock, root nematoduna ur also durable. The cherry on the type of vaccine has the effect of shrubs update.
Maxma:
Gisela-5:
Cherries And Cherry Breeding
4. Published in Reproductive Biology
Fertilization, cherry growers need to take into consideration the time of the garden will establish the most important issue is. Artificial mutations occur with some kind of brought (stella) is working on the outside of all the cherries have been found to be inconsistent with them.
In cherry, flowers sprout powder could very well become the kind of self-fertilization or inability to obtain fruit with each other into dust because they are conflict.
Sufficient yield can be cherry garden;
From a single variety should be absolutely dry garden.
Will be discussed, to ensure variety fertilize each other.
Enough bees to provide pollination in the garden should be. (For every 40 decare, in 15 000 - 20 000 bees as 4 to 5 frames in one or more colonies)
Cherry varieties, however, is usually self-fertile. Corresponds to the time of flowering cherry and even if it is possible that cherries also able to fertilize.
5. CHERRY AND SOUR CHERRY VARIETIES
5.1. Cherry Varieties
Cherry varieties and farming proposed features are listed below in order of ripening. Requirements specified in brackets for Yalova ripening time and may vary in different regions.
Edirne: Very early (19 May), fruit round, medium-large (3.28 g), brownish-Sarab color, medium-hard and low-fiber, medium quality. Trees are productive and makes 10% of fruit cracking. Yola moderately resistant.
Turfanda: very early (21 May), fruit heart-shaped, medium large (3.72 g), purplish-Sarab color, medium hard, medium juicy, fibrous, medium quality. Trees are very efficient and makes 7% of fruit cracking. Road less resistance.
Early Burlat: Very early (24 May), flat round fruit, large (6.38 g), shiny dark red color, hard, very juicy, thin built, is very high quality. Trees are very efficient and makes 25% of fruit cracking. Maturity in this regard recently recommended to the region without precipitation. Road is very durable.
Starking Hordy Giant: Early (27 May), fruit shape close to the heart, large (5.62 g), shiny dark red color, hard, juicy, very quality. Trees are very efficient and makes 9% of the fruit cracking. Yola durable.
Durona Di Cesena: Early (28 May), round heart shaped fruit, large (6.19 g), shiny dark red color, hard, juicy, slim and very quality. Trees are very efficient and makes 9% of the fruit cracking. Yola durable.
Vista: Early (31 May), a large heart shaped fruit, large (6.31 g), shiny dark red color, hard, slim and good water quality. Trees are effective and do not make no fruit cracking. He at the same time to fertilize flowering of all the cherries.
Merton Premier: Mid-season (June 2), heart-shaped fruit, large (5.27 g), dark red-purple color, medium hard, juicy, slim and very quality. Trees are very efficient and does not make any fruit cracking. Yola durable.
Merton Bigarreau: Middle season (June 6), round heart-shaped fruit. Large (6.99 g), shiny dark red brown color, hard, crisp, juicy, very quality. Trees are very efficient and makes cracking at a rate of 1. Road is very durable.
Loria: Mid season (June 7), round-heart shaped fruit, large (6, .68 g), shiny dark red in color, medium hard, medium wet, slim and very good quality. Trees are very efficient medium-and do not make no fruit cracking. Yola durable.
Berryessa: Mid season (June 7), heart-shaped fruit, large (6.84 g), a bright red almost black color, medium hard, juicy, medium and life quality. Trees are very efficient and will make 2% of fruit cracking. Yola moderately resistant.
Cherries And Cherry Breeding
Noir De Guben: Late season (June 9), round fruit shape, large (5.65 g), dark
brown, almost black with a tinge of red color, hard-very hard, gevrekve quality. Trees are very efficient and makes 6 at a rate of fruit cracking. Yola durable.
Stella: Late season (10 June), barrel-shaped fruit, very large (7.29 g), a bright dark red color, very hard, brittle and very quality. Trees are very efficient and makes 9% of the fruit cracking. The only known self-fertile variety. Road is very durable.
Van: Late season (12 June), round heart shaped fruit, very large (7.91 g), very bright red color, very hard, crisp, juicy and very quality. Trees are very efficient and makes 9% of the fruit cracking. Road is very durable.
Bing: Late season (13 June), heart-shaped fruit, very large (7.28 g), medium bright, Sarab dark red color, hard, crisp, juicy and very quality. Trees are very efficient and makes 16% of the fruit cracking. In this respect the maturity of recent rainfall in the region do not receive recommended. Yola durable.
Bigarreau Napoleon: Late season (13 June), heart-shaped fruit, large (6.27 g), dull reddish-yellow ground color, hard, crisp, juicy and quality. Trees are very productive and fruit cracking at a rate of 4% makes. Yola durable.
Bigarreau Goucher: Late season (13 June), round heart shaped fruit, large (6.25 g), close to almost black, very dark red color, hard, crisp, juicy and very quality. Tree is productive, makes 1% of fruit cracking. Yola durable. Universal donor and also all kinds of flowering and pollination are fertilized them.
Noble: Late season (14 June), heart-shaped fruit, very large (7.41 g), dark purple and almost black, close to the color, very hard, crisp, juicy and very quality. Trees are effective for moderate and 5% of the fruit makes the crack. Road is very durable.
Bella Di Pistoia: Late season (14 June), roundish fruit, large (6, 11 g), a bright pinkish red over yellow ground color, very hard, crisp, juicy and very quality. Trees are very efficient and makes 3% of fruit cracking. Road is very durable.
Karabodur: Too late (16 June), widely-heart-shaped fruit, very large (7.46 g), a bright reddish-pink over yellow ground color, hard, juicy, slightly fibrous and quality. Trees are effective for moderate and 8% of the fruit makes the crack. Yola durable.
Merton Marvel: Too late (16 June), fruit roundish-heart-shaped, large (6.23 g), dark red-purple color, very hard, crisp, juicy and very good quality. Trees are very efficient and makes 3% of fruit cracking. Road is very durable.
Kelly flakes: Too late (June 16), fruit slightly tapered barrel-shaped, very large (7.78 g), dark purplish-red color, hard, crisp, very juicy and quality. Trees are very efficient and makes 11% of fruit cracking. Road is very durable.
Agriculture, 0900: Too late (19 June), a large heart shaped fruit, very large (8.18 g), a bright crimson color, very hard, crisp, juicy and very quality. Trees are effective and do not make no fruit cracking. Napoleon is very common in our country and Akşehir, Dalbastı and is recognized as Uluborlu. Road is very durable.
Lambert: Too late (19 June), heart-shaped fruit, very large (7.6 g), a bright crimson color, very hard, crisp and very good quality. Trees are very efficient and makes 18% of fruit cracking. Maturity in this regard recently recommended to the region without precipitation. Road is very durable.
Merton Late: Too late (24 June), roundish fruit, large (5.76 g), pale yellow, bright pinkish-red color on the ground, hard, crisp, juicy and quality. Trees are very productive and fruit cracking at a rate of 4% makes. Yola durable.
Cherry varieties suitable for cultivation above the recommended fertilization in order of importance user types are listed below. This belirlimede names given to varieties not to repeat numbers have been used.
Cherries And Cherry Breeding
1.Edirne: 6, 8, 11.13, 16, 19, 20, 24
2.Turfanda: 3, 7, 11
3.Early Burlat: 2, 7, 11
4.Starking Hardy Giant: 6, 10, 11
5.Durona Dicesena: 6, 11, 16
6.Visto: 1, 4, 5, 10, 12, 13, 14, 18
7.Merton Premier: 2, 3, 11, 13, 14, 15
8.Merton Bigarreau: 1, 16, 17, 19, 20, 23
9.Larian: 10, 13, 14
10.Berryessa: 4, 6, 13, 14, 15
11.Noir De Guben: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 13, 14, 18, 22
12.Stella: Self-fertile
13.Van: 1, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 23
14.Bing: 6, 7, 10, 11, 13
15.Bigarreau Napolean: 6, 7, 10, 11, 13
16.Bigarreau Gaucher: 1, 5, 8, 17, 18th, 20th, 23, 24
17.Noble: 9, 16, 20, 23, 24
18.Bella Di Pistoia: 6, 11, 16
19.Karabodur: 1, 8, 13 16, 24
20.Merton Marvel: 1, 8, 17, 24
21.Karagevrek: 6, 16
22.0900 Agriculture: 16, 23, 24
23.Lambert: 8, 13, 16, 22, 14
24.Merton Late: 1, 8, 16, 19 20, 23
VERY CHERRY VARIETIES USED IN INDUSTRY
Hacıömer Kelly: Medium season, round fruit, medium large (3.38 g), light red color, very hard and medium quality. Trees are very productive. Is self-sterile, fertilize users is unknown.
Black Ömeroğlu: Medium season, round fruit, medium large (3,15 g), red color, very hard and medium quality. Fruit does not make a move no crack is very appropriate. Trees are very productive. Is self-sterile, fertilize users is unknown.
White Ömeroğlu: Late season fruit roundish-heart-shaped, large (5.4 g), pinkish red over yellow ground color, hard and medium quality. 3% of fruit cracking is very appropriate to make and transport. Trees are very productive. Is self-sterile, fertilize users is unknown.
White Cherry (Starks Gold): Too late, round fruit, medium large (3.4 g), yellow-colored, hard and medium quality. 3% of the fruit makes the crack resistance and transport is very small. Trees are very productive. Is self-sterile, fertilize users and Bigarreau Gaucher'dir Agriculture 0900.
5.2. Sour Cherry Varieties
Farming is proposed and two cherry varieties, both of which are self-fertile. Fertilization is not any problem.
Kütahya: Too late, round fruit, very large (6.79 g), dark purplish-Sarab color, very hard, very juicy, slightly fibrous and very good quality. Trees are very efficient and does not make any fruit cracking.
Montmorency: Late season, roundish fruit, medium-large (4.62 g), red color, medium hard, juicy and quality. Trees are very efficient and does not make any fruit cracking.
Cherries And Cherry Breeding
6. CHERRY-CHERRY BAH. APPLIED CULTURAL AND TECHNICAL OPERATIONS
6.1.Yer Selection:
Cherry rootstocks matter what the base does not love the land. Lands are rich in organic materials like permeable. Don of the pit is damaged. High places, in the southern region of early frost damage to flowers. Winter is above -20 C in the roots and branches in areas of frost damage can be. Ground water in areas that can not be cherry farming.
6.2. Garden Plant
Cherries and cherry garden plant closure, while a good planting plan is required, especially in cherry. The only variation in the fertilization problem, not cherry garden plants can be. However, a second more varieties yield increases. Cherries are the main types of self-sterile, never fertilize the two user types must be far more ordinary. This principle, taking into account both the harvest and marketing facilities required for fertilization; garden to be true at least 4-5 past the early varieties, and even 7-8 in the best varieties should be planted.
For example, following a cherry garden layout is very appropriate.
Early Burlate: X X X X X X X X X X
Vista: X X X X X X X X X X
Merton Premier: X X X X X X X X X X
Noir De Guben: X X X X X X X X X X
Van: X X X X X X X X X X
Bigarreav Gavcher: X X X X X X X X X X
Merton Marvel: X X X X X X X X X X
Lambert or 0900 Agriculture: X X X X X X X X X X
Planting ranges of soil conditions, rootstock, irrigation and fertilization conditions, such as sets. But too often used as a range of planting, wild cherry in cherry grafted on 8 x 8, 8 x 6 or 7 x 7; Idris cherry grafted on the 6 x 6, 5 x 6; Stockton Morello cherries grafted on clones in the main pressure is 3 x 4 m 'ye is falling up. 4 x 4 in the grafted cherry on cherry çöğür, 3 x 4 m is.
6.3. Irrigation
Annual rainfall of 600 mm and above 400 mm and above where the cherries, cherry is not necessary to watering. However, this places the annual rainfall below that 2 to 3 times to make irrigation will be beneficial in terms of vegetative and generative growth.
6.4. Fertilization
Cherry and cherry in the garden, especially in the initial setup circuit decare granting of 2-3 tons of farm manure and burnt it to be repeated every 2 years of trees gelimesi angle is useful. Planting in the first year, ie during the formation of the trees giving a very strong fertilizer is objectionable. Because it shows strong growth and fruit formation vegatatif will be delayed. However, the situation is different trees yield was down, and every year they will be above ground outside of farm manure and inorganic fertilizers should be given in accordance with leaf analysis.
Fertilizing, watering, pruning and soil properties may vary with size as a length of 1-year exile, must form an opinion. Cherry fruit trees that did not like lying to 60-90 cm. between shoots watching shows positive development. Is unnecessary to apply more nitrogen 90 cm.den exile or more depends on irrigation. Shoots 60 cm. from the water and nitrogen deficiency is from a text.
Adult cherry trees 40-60 cm. Among the exiles there is normal development. This measure is short enough nutrition from exile is not.
Cherries And Cherry Breeding
Dekar is suitable to 2-3 tons of stable manure. Efficiency as an average value of the tree every year, 2-3 kg. Ammonium sulphate, 1 kg. Triple Super Phosphate, 1 kg .. Potassium should be given. As being given time and potassium fertilizers fosfurlu according to regional climate and habits in autumn or early spring, while nitrogen uygulmaları first zone in the early spring,
After the second period after casting flowers and harvest the third zone shall apply.
Fertilizer plant nutrient deficiency in the leaves of the tree also taken into consideration as reliable company is no harm in the use of products easily. On the contrary, the need sometimes became necessary.
Fertilization in trees; Monitoring drop and band system of fertilization in the form of fertilizer is applied.
6.5. Pruning
In terms of the development of the crown of cherry and sour cherry varies. Growing cherry varieties usually sewn creating a crown, cherry varieties creates a more prolate shape of a crown. Therefore, the pyramid for cherry or modified leader (different peak branched) systems are being implemented, cherry usually modified leader (different peaks in the form of branched systems is crowned. Commonly applied in both the modified leader system. UPGRADE leader system, general principles not in apple and pear is the same. But In cherry, forks and branches due to the strong sensitivity of the split to be a special attention to the establishment of branches of the roof should be.
Seedlings, preferably 1.5-2 cm. diameter, 150-200cm. neck, an old and must be strong. Seedlings of these hills 90-107cm. den is shot. Apart from the leader of the main body of the selected 4 branches on the side 30cm from each other. range of angle between the main body and must be 45-60 °. Formation after the roof, trees should be trimmed very little until the flower bed. Especially young upward branches of cherry trees have a tendency to develop. In this respect special attention to the development of side branches should be. Should briefly during the life of cherry cherry light pruning or both.
7. DISEASES AND PESTS Games
Common and important diseases of cherry and cherry pests Monilya (The Mummy) and is the cherry fly.
7.1. Monilya (Mummy) Disease
Monilya (Munya) kastalığı As with other hard-core of cherry and cherry is one of the most important fungal disease.
7.1.1. Symptoms and Biology: Diseases; to primary shoots and flower blight, fruit rot causes a second-degree. Dried fruit does not create the flowers. Remain in groups in exile. Fungus and there open late micelle flowers from the branches and branches of cancer creates wounds backwards from end dries. Flowers, stalks on kuvrılarak, at that point the gum will stick branches. Fruit usually become infected and rot in the near future are to mature. After a period of rotting fruit become mummified branch will remain suspended.
Fungus the winter in mummified fruit became diseased, cancerous spends in branch. The opening of the sports in the spring time flowers full of flowers is infected.
7.1.2. Struggle
Cultural and chemical control measures in the fight against Monilya applies.
7.1.2.1. Cultural measures
Up to a year in pre-diseased branches of trees, flowers and fruit mummies should be cleaned.
7.1.2.2. Chemical Challenge
When the flowers open and there first medication starts. All of the flowers open to the second medication is done. Effective against Monilyaya substance, formulation and use for drugs listed below with any chemical control is applied.
Cherries And Cherry Breeding
Effective matter. Name and% of Formulation 100 lt. Water-preparation (gr)
Captain 50 WP. 300
Thira 80 WP. 200
Dodine 65 WP. 100
Benomyl 50 WP. 60
CARBENDAZIM 50 WP. 75
Vinclozolin 50 WP. 100
WP Thiophanatemethyl 70. 60
7.2. Cherry Fly
Hosts cherries and cherry, among a host honeysuckle (Lomicera) species which are, the adult fly cherry 4-5mm. Neck, Thora (chest) black in color, transparent wings, 4 pieces are bluish-black band. Eggs thin, long, white in color, white larvae are legless and cream-colored type, type of pupa pupa in the draft.
7.2.1. Type of damage and life styles
Cherry Fly larvae, eating fruit in the fruit pulp causes of loss. Wormy fruit is poured. Even lower value poured Sunday.
Cherry Fly; winter in the pupa stage, in the soil, in the case diyapoz passes. In the spring of next year, after mating the female adults, fruit of the fall semester, I put the eggs in the fruit of the pipe as eggs are del. Females lay eggs on the fruit when they are secreted from the male sex feromunu a while they remain here. This is the second time the eggs to fruit and thus prevent a larva in a fruit develops.
40-100 eggs are a female. The larvae from eggs of the fruit becomes mature after been fed with meat section, fruit, leaves and soil 2-5 cm. depth of the pupa is. Here until next year in the pupa of the soil in the case remain diyapoz. Thus, in a fertilized fly giving cherry.
7.2.2. Struggle
Cultural measures in the fight against fly with cherry chemical control is applied.
7.2.2.1. Cultural measures
The collection of the wormy fruit are buried deep, durable, and early varieties to be grown, wild cherry, cherry and Lonicera (Honeysuckle) types of cherry, cherry not be cultivated in the region, soil tillage in the fall, the cherry fly population decreases significantly.
7.2.2.2. Chemical Challenge
I have fallen fruits to start the circuit medications is an appropriate period. This observation should be made according to the most early varieties. This is the appropriate method for the garden by hanging yellow sticky traps visual output according to the first adult to make medicines.
Disease control with the second or third trap whether medications need to be identified. Effective against the cherry fly substance, formulation and use for drugs listed below with any chemical control is applied. Minimum period between the end of harvest with medication should be followed meticulously.
Effective formulation of Article 100 lt. Last medications with water
Name and% of preparations (gr) Minimum Time Between Harvest
Bromophs 25/40 EC 200cc / 125cc 7 days
Malathion 20/25 EC / WP 300cc / 250gr. 7 days
Diazinon 20 EC 200cc 14 days
Cherries And Cherry Breeding
8. HARVEST, TASNİF AND PACKAGING
8.1. Harvest
Cherry and cherry harvest should be collected when they reached maturity. This is the normal fruit size, color and variety of unique taste and aroma is receiving. Council should be known very well that these types of fruit to harvest time and thus greatly increase the true enormity of the amount of 35-40% yield increase.
Because of economic thought, some very early maturing varieties are not the exception, cherries and cherry are usually harvested at a time and again by hand and often with handles are collected. During the fruit should not be breaking dalcık collection. Collected fruit basket or bucket with 3-5 kg / bucket is put into place that will be sent packing. 8.2. Sorting and packaging
Especially the market supply is being extra cherries, I. class and II. classes are divided into three classes to be. Diameter of 20 mm from the non entirely similar in terms of shape and color of the fruit extra class they enter at the top. However, although good quality shape, color and development in terms of at least 17 mm in diameter with mild disabilities I. enter class. Selected from the remaining fruit, but still fresh, strong, injury-free, spotless, non-cracked fruit II. enter class. They will be in between sizes.
In this way, the selected cherries, 5 - 10 kg 'lık basket 30 x 50 cm size boxes or trays that are put into the market is offering. Packaging containers light, must be clean and new.
Cherry tree in the Caspian Sea, South Caucasus and the North Anatolian, cherry is the line running between Istanbul and the Caspian Sea are the North Anatolian Mountains. In fact, the Latin botanical name of the sour cherry Prunus cerasus, this day, the old name of Giresun Kerasus'dan comes. Cherries and cherry seeds spread to the European continent carried by birds and animals has been. The colonists in America took them cherries. Most of the cultivars were imported from England and the Pacific coast to the first modern cherry production began in the State of Oregon. Cherry variety is possible in the world in 1500.
Cherry and black cherry fruit is particularly rich in minerals. Apart from a few types are used in industry, almost all of produced fresh cherries are consumed. The fruit of cherry juice yield (70-75%) and total acidity (3%) is higher because, as fruit juice is very suitable to be processed. Also produced a deep black cherry ice cream, drying, canning and jam are evaluated as are exported to foreign countries, especially in the frozen state.
Cherries and sour cherry production in Turkey, especially between the years 1965-1985 have been rapid increases. The cherry production in 1965, 47,000 tons in 1985 to reach 130,000 tons, an increase 76'lık% has been realized. The cherry production in 1965 and 24.000 tons in the year 1985 reached 85,000 tons yielded an increase in 245'lük%. In this state, Turkey, the cherry on the 6th World and the cherry on the 5th took place. This rate also increases in later years together we can not catch and was producing 215,000 tons in 1997, cherry, cherry production is increased to 120,000 tons. Cherry trees in our country, to yield approximately 25 per kg.
Cherries in the 5-6 age shifts to yield, but as full and economic efficiency of down 10-12 years. Although they lived 100 years, the economic life of 25-30 years. Cherry is the economic life of 15-20 years.
2. REQUESTS the ECOLOGICAL AND CHERRY CHERRY
2.1. Climate Requests
The most important factor in growing cherry climate is temperature. Flower buds -2.4 ° C can be based until the blooming flowers -2 ° C they also freeze. Woody parts of the cherry -40 ° C until can based. Low temperatures more than cherry cherry rely. Than in spring after flowering cherries for the cherry flowers late spring frost damage to their probability is lower than that.
Requests for the rest of the winter cherry cherry is more important than, they can exit without adequate rest must get cold winters. Unmet requirements of cold cherry blossom is seen delays and irregularities. Lambert, Napoleon, and Bing cherry varieties, such as in high cold-running show needs is more noticeable. Adequately meet the demand in the winter cherry resting the problem is in terms of fertilization. Because, after mild winter, low cold kind of showing the need, indicating the need for high cold than the early flowering varieties, these two types can not fertilize each other tozlayıp. Cherry while, self-productive because, in this regard is not a problem. In general, the +7.2 ° C in cherries and cherry under 'cold period 1100-1700 hours.
Cherry and sour cherry breeding, regular rainfall throughout the year to propagate the most appropriate one. Overall, the 600 mm rainfall areas where cherry, 400 mm rainfall areas where the cherry farming without irrigation can be made. Flowering and fruit formation in cherry and sour cherry during the rainy weather will not want to go. Because heavy rain during flowering and pollination difficult increase of fungi cause damage. During fruit ripening fruit oil of rain could still cause a crack as Sunday lowers the value.
Cherries And Cherry Breeding
2.2. Soil Requests
Was well drained, deep, and can be aired regularly during the summer months can be irrigated soils most suitable for the soil are the cherries. Do not have good drainage, poor soils and sparse fruit trees grow weak branches occurs. Still remains small fruits in dry soil. Ground water is high in areas where the roots of the tree growth is slow and will remain yüzlek. In such cases, the tree increases the risk of drought and frost affected.
Cherry while the soil is more tolerant in terms. Cherry dry, sandy or chalky soils also can be grown. In particular, where a cherry Idris home based on the reviews of the drought increases. According to the ideal breeding ground for cherry cherries are the soil.
3. CHERRY AND SOUR CHERRY AND ROOTSTOCKS of the reproduction
3.1. Reproduction
Most appropriate method of replication, the replication vaccine. Most appropriate form of the vaccine, the vaccine is still observed. Vaccine in the eyes of standing first nursery of wild cherry çöğür need to start. Vegetative growth in the longer Idris is usually grown so late to the vaccine schedule is not until late in the shell to start and to continue this work until the beginning of autumn is possible. Start time of vaccination gözaşısının calm eye becomes mature, the time of completion can be arranged according to the state to the bark of rootstock.
3.2. Broodstock and
3.2.1. Important cherry and sour cherry rootstocks and Çöğür
Cherry (Prunus avium): This species of wild cherry in Turkey, also called wild cherry or bird. In foreign literature is called mazzard. These seeds can germinate well in damp conditions 5 ° C for 120-140 days must be taken to bear. Prunus avium 's kind of match is very good. Will bring long-lasting and strong trees. The poor ventilation, heavy and wet soils are not suitable for cherry çöğür main process.
Idris (Prunus mahaleb): Idris, from the vaccine are grown for the low creates smaller rootstocks. Better adapts to calcareous and dry soil. But is susceptible to damp and heavy soil. Overall, cherries and sour cherry in moist soil when used as rootstock for Idris after 7-8 years in wood drying and death occurs. Such areas should be used wild cherry master.
Cherry (Prunus corasus): This rootstock is often used for cherry. If used for cherry bodurlaşma causes. With cherry to match is not as good. Usually resistant to drought as a cherry rootstock is recommended.
3.2.2 Key of cherry and sour cherry rootstocks
Mazzard F 12 / 1: wild cherry (Prunus avium) were obtained via selection from. Are used as rootstocks for cherries and cherry. Is very resistant to bacterial diseases, steel can be produced easily.
Colt: East Malling research station obtained and Prunus avium x Prunus pseudocerasus hybrid, with steel and variations can be easily replicated to match the better.
Mahaleb SL 64: Idris obtained via selection of seed is a rootstock. All were treated with green IBA if steels can be easily replicated. Calcareous soils are dry and well developed. Corresponds well with cherries and cherry. U.S. 'used as a rootstock for sour cherry is especially.
Stockton Morello: wild cherry seeds obtained by way of the selection is a rootstock. Is used in heavy and moist soils. The beach is not suitable for land. Roots and shoots of this steel that can be easily replicated rootstock, root nematoduna ur also durable. The cherry on the type of vaccine has the effect of shrubs update.
Maxma:
Gisela-5:
Cherries And Cherry Breeding
4. Published in Reproductive Biology
Fertilization, cherry growers need to take into consideration the time of the garden will establish the most important issue is. Artificial mutations occur with some kind of brought (stella) is working on the outside of all the cherries have been found to be inconsistent with them.
In cherry, flowers sprout powder could very well become the kind of self-fertilization or inability to obtain fruit with each other into dust because they are conflict.
Sufficient yield can be cherry garden;
From a single variety should be absolutely dry garden.
Will be discussed, to ensure variety fertilize each other.
Enough bees to provide pollination in the garden should be. (For every 40 decare, in 15 000 - 20 000 bees as 4 to 5 frames in one or more colonies)
Cherry varieties, however, is usually self-fertile. Corresponds to the time of flowering cherry and even if it is possible that cherries also able to fertilize.
5. CHERRY AND SOUR CHERRY VARIETIES
5.1. Cherry Varieties
Cherry varieties and farming proposed features are listed below in order of ripening. Requirements specified in brackets for Yalova ripening time and may vary in different regions.
Edirne: Very early (19 May), fruit round, medium-large (3.28 g), brownish-Sarab color, medium-hard and low-fiber, medium quality. Trees are productive and makes 10% of fruit cracking. Yola moderately resistant.
Turfanda: very early (21 May), fruit heart-shaped, medium large (3.72 g), purplish-Sarab color, medium hard, medium juicy, fibrous, medium quality. Trees are very efficient and makes 7% of fruit cracking. Road less resistance.
Early Burlat: Very early (24 May), flat round fruit, large (6.38 g), shiny dark red color, hard, very juicy, thin built, is very high quality. Trees are very efficient and makes 25% of fruit cracking. Maturity in this regard recently recommended to the region without precipitation. Road is very durable.
Starking Hordy Giant: Early (27 May), fruit shape close to the heart, large (5.62 g), shiny dark red color, hard, juicy, very quality. Trees are very efficient and makes 9% of the fruit cracking. Yola durable.
Durona Di Cesena: Early (28 May), round heart shaped fruit, large (6.19 g), shiny dark red color, hard, juicy, slim and very quality. Trees are very efficient and makes 9% of the fruit cracking. Yola durable.
Vista: Early (31 May), a large heart shaped fruit, large (6.31 g), shiny dark red color, hard, slim and good water quality. Trees are effective and do not make no fruit cracking. He at the same time to fertilize flowering of all the cherries.
Merton Premier: Mid-season (June 2), heart-shaped fruit, large (5.27 g), dark red-purple color, medium hard, juicy, slim and very quality. Trees are very efficient and does not make any fruit cracking. Yola durable.
Merton Bigarreau: Middle season (June 6), round heart-shaped fruit. Large (6.99 g), shiny dark red brown color, hard, crisp, juicy, very quality. Trees are very efficient and makes cracking at a rate of 1. Road is very durable.
Loria: Mid season (June 7), round-heart shaped fruit, large (6, .68 g), shiny dark red in color, medium hard, medium wet, slim and very good quality. Trees are very efficient medium-and do not make no fruit cracking. Yola durable.
Berryessa: Mid season (June 7), heart-shaped fruit, large (6.84 g), a bright red almost black color, medium hard, juicy, medium and life quality. Trees are very efficient and will make 2% of fruit cracking. Yola moderately resistant.
Cherries And Cherry Breeding
Noir De Guben: Late season (June 9), round fruit shape, large (5.65 g), dark
brown, almost black with a tinge of red color, hard-very hard, gevrekve quality. Trees are very efficient and makes 6 at a rate of fruit cracking. Yola durable.
Stella: Late season (10 June), barrel-shaped fruit, very large (7.29 g), a bright dark red color, very hard, brittle and very quality. Trees are very efficient and makes 9% of the fruit cracking. The only known self-fertile variety. Road is very durable.
Van: Late season (12 June), round heart shaped fruit, very large (7.91 g), very bright red color, very hard, crisp, juicy and very quality. Trees are very efficient and makes 9% of the fruit cracking. Road is very durable.
Bing: Late season (13 June), heart-shaped fruit, very large (7.28 g), medium bright, Sarab dark red color, hard, crisp, juicy and very quality. Trees are very efficient and makes 16% of the fruit cracking. In this respect the maturity of recent rainfall in the region do not receive recommended. Yola durable.
Bigarreau Napoleon: Late season (13 June), heart-shaped fruit, large (6.27 g), dull reddish-yellow ground color, hard, crisp, juicy and quality. Trees are very productive and fruit cracking at a rate of 4% makes. Yola durable.
Bigarreau Goucher: Late season (13 June), round heart shaped fruit, large (6.25 g), close to almost black, very dark red color, hard, crisp, juicy and very quality. Tree is productive, makes 1% of fruit cracking. Yola durable. Universal donor and also all kinds of flowering and pollination are fertilized them.
Noble: Late season (14 June), heart-shaped fruit, very large (7.41 g), dark purple and almost black, close to the color, very hard, crisp, juicy and very quality. Trees are effective for moderate and 5% of the fruit makes the crack. Road is very durable.
Bella Di Pistoia: Late season (14 June), roundish fruit, large (6, 11 g), a bright pinkish red over yellow ground color, very hard, crisp, juicy and very quality. Trees are very efficient and makes 3% of fruit cracking. Road is very durable.
Karabodur: Too late (16 June), widely-heart-shaped fruit, very large (7.46 g), a bright reddish-pink over yellow ground color, hard, juicy, slightly fibrous and quality. Trees are effective for moderate and 8% of the fruit makes the crack. Yola durable.
Merton Marvel: Too late (16 June), fruit roundish-heart-shaped, large (6.23 g), dark red-purple color, very hard, crisp, juicy and very good quality. Trees are very efficient and makes 3% of fruit cracking. Road is very durable.
Kelly flakes: Too late (June 16), fruit slightly tapered barrel-shaped, very large (7.78 g), dark purplish-red color, hard, crisp, very juicy and quality. Trees are very efficient and makes 11% of fruit cracking. Road is very durable.
Agriculture, 0900: Too late (19 June), a large heart shaped fruit, very large (8.18 g), a bright crimson color, very hard, crisp, juicy and very quality. Trees are effective and do not make no fruit cracking. Napoleon is very common in our country and Akşehir, Dalbastı and is recognized as Uluborlu. Road is very durable.
Lambert: Too late (19 June), heart-shaped fruit, very large (7.6 g), a bright crimson color, very hard, crisp and very good quality. Trees are very efficient and makes 18% of fruit cracking. Maturity in this regard recently recommended to the region without precipitation. Road is very durable.
Merton Late: Too late (24 June), roundish fruit, large (5.76 g), pale yellow, bright pinkish-red color on the ground, hard, crisp, juicy and quality. Trees are very productive and fruit cracking at a rate of 4% makes. Yola durable.
Cherry varieties suitable for cultivation above the recommended fertilization in order of importance user types are listed below. This belirlimede names given to varieties not to repeat numbers have been used.
Cherries And Cherry Breeding
1.Edirne: 6, 8, 11.13, 16, 19, 20, 24
2.Turfanda: 3, 7, 11
3.Early Burlat: 2, 7, 11
4.Starking Hardy Giant: 6, 10, 11
5.Durona Dicesena: 6, 11, 16
6.Visto: 1, 4, 5, 10, 12, 13, 14, 18
7.Merton Premier: 2, 3, 11, 13, 14, 15
8.Merton Bigarreau: 1, 16, 17, 19, 20, 23
9.Larian: 10, 13, 14
10.Berryessa: 4, 6, 13, 14, 15
11.Noir De Guben: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 13, 14, 18, 22
12.Stella: Self-fertile
13.Van: 1, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 23
14.Bing: 6, 7, 10, 11, 13
15.Bigarreau Napolean: 6, 7, 10, 11, 13
16.Bigarreau Gaucher: 1, 5, 8, 17, 18th, 20th, 23, 24
17.Noble: 9, 16, 20, 23, 24
18.Bella Di Pistoia: 6, 11, 16
19.Karabodur: 1, 8, 13 16, 24
20.Merton Marvel: 1, 8, 17, 24
21.Karagevrek: 6, 16
22.0900 Agriculture: 16, 23, 24
23.Lambert: 8, 13, 16, 22, 14
24.Merton Late: 1, 8, 16, 19 20, 23
VERY CHERRY VARIETIES USED IN INDUSTRY
Hacıömer Kelly: Medium season, round fruit, medium large (3.38 g), light red color, very hard and medium quality. Trees are very productive. Is self-sterile, fertilize users is unknown.
Black Ömeroğlu: Medium season, round fruit, medium large (3,15 g), red color, very hard and medium quality. Fruit does not make a move no crack is very appropriate. Trees are very productive. Is self-sterile, fertilize users is unknown.
White Ömeroğlu: Late season fruit roundish-heart-shaped, large (5.4 g), pinkish red over yellow ground color, hard and medium quality. 3% of fruit cracking is very appropriate to make and transport. Trees are very productive. Is self-sterile, fertilize users is unknown.
White Cherry (Starks Gold): Too late, round fruit, medium large (3.4 g), yellow-colored, hard and medium quality. 3% of the fruit makes the crack resistance and transport is very small. Trees are very productive. Is self-sterile, fertilize users and Bigarreau Gaucher'dir Agriculture 0900.
5.2. Sour Cherry Varieties
Farming is proposed and two cherry varieties, both of which are self-fertile. Fertilization is not any problem.
Kütahya: Too late, round fruit, very large (6.79 g), dark purplish-Sarab color, very hard, very juicy, slightly fibrous and very good quality. Trees are very efficient and does not make any fruit cracking.
Montmorency: Late season, roundish fruit, medium-large (4.62 g), red color, medium hard, juicy and quality. Trees are very efficient and does not make any fruit cracking.
Cherries And Cherry Breeding
6. CHERRY-CHERRY BAH. APPLIED CULTURAL AND TECHNICAL OPERATIONS
6.1.Yer Selection:
Cherry rootstocks matter what the base does not love the land. Lands are rich in organic materials like permeable. Don of the pit is damaged. High places, in the southern region of early frost damage to flowers. Winter is above -20 C in the roots and branches in areas of frost damage can be. Ground water in areas that can not be cherry farming.
6.2. Garden Plant
Cherries and cherry garden plant closure, while a good planting plan is required, especially in cherry. The only variation in the fertilization problem, not cherry garden plants can be. However, a second more varieties yield increases. Cherries are the main types of self-sterile, never fertilize the two user types must be far more ordinary. This principle, taking into account both the harvest and marketing facilities required for fertilization; garden to be true at least 4-5 past the early varieties, and even 7-8 in the best varieties should be planted.
For example, following a cherry garden layout is very appropriate.
Early Burlate: X X X X X X X X X X
Vista: X X X X X X X X X X
Merton Premier: X X X X X X X X X X
Noir De Guben: X X X X X X X X X X
Van: X X X X X X X X X X
Bigarreav Gavcher: X X X X X X X X X X
Merton Marvel: X X X X X X X X X X
Lambert or 0900 Agriculture: X X X X X X X X X X
Planting ranges of soil conditions, rootstock, irrigation and fertilization conditions, such as sets. But too often used as a range of planting, wild cherry in cherry grafted on 8 x 8, 8 x 6 or 7 x 7; Idris cherry grafted on the 6 x 6, 5 x 6; Stockton Morello cherries grafted on clones in the main pressure is 3 x 4 m 'ye is falling up. 4 x 4 in the grafted cherry on cherry çöğür, 3 x 4 m is.
6.3. Irrigation
Annual rainfall of 600 mm and above 400 mm and above where the cherries, cherry is not necessary to watering. However, this places the annual rainfall below that 2 to 3 times to make irrigation will be beneficial in terms of vegetative and generative growth.
6.4. Fertilization
Cherry and cherry in the garden, especially in the initial setup circuit decare granting of 2-3 tons of farm manure and burnt it to be repeated every 2 years of trees gelimesi angle is useful. Planting in the first year, ie during the formation of the trees giving a very strong fertilizer is objectionable. Because it shows strong growth and fruit formation vegatatif will be delayed. However, the situation is different trees yield was down, and every year they will be above ground outside of farm manure and inorganic fertilizers should be given in accordance with leaf analysis.
Fertilizing, watering, pruning and soil properties may vary with size as a length of 1-year exile, must form an opinion. Cherry fruit trees that did not like lying to 60-90 cm. between shoots watching shows positive development. Is unnecessary to apply more nitrogen 90 cm.den exile or more depends on irrigation. Shoots 60 cm. from the water and nitrogen deficiency is from a text.
Adult cherry trees 40-60 cm. Among the exiles there is normal development. This measure is short enough nutrition from exile is not.
Cherries And Cherry Breeding
Dekar is suitable to 2-3 tons of stable manure. Efficiency as an average value of the tree every year, 2-3 kg. Ammonium sulphate, 1 kg. Triple Super Phosphate, 1 kg .. Potassium should be given. As being given time and potassium fertilizers fosfurlu according to regional climate and habits in autumn or early spring, while nitrogen uygulmaları first zone in the early spring,
After the second period after casting flowers and harvest the third zone shall apply.
Fertilizer plant nutrient deficiency in the leaves of the tree also taken into consideration as reliable company is no harm in the use of products easily. On the contrary, the need sometimes became necessary.
Fertilization in trees; Monitoring drop and band system of fertilization in the form of fertilizer is applied.
6.5. Pruning
In terms of the development of the crown of cherry and sour cherry varies. Growing cherry varieties usually sewn creating a crown, cherry varieties creates a more prolate shape of a crown. Therefore, the pyramid for cherry or modified leader (different peak branched) systems are being implemented, cherry usually modified leader (different peaks in the form of branched systems is crowned. Commonly applied in both the modified leader system. UPGRADE leader system, general principles not in apple and pear is the same. But In cherry, forks and branches due to the strong sensitivity of the split to be a special attention to the establishment of branches of the roof should be.
Seedlings, preferably 1.5-2 cm. diameter, 150-200cm. neck, an old and must be strong. Seedlings of these hills 90-107cm. den is shot. Apart from the leader of the main body of the selected 4 branches on the side 30cm from each other. range of angle between the main body and must be 45-60 °. Formation after the roof, trees should be trimmed very little until the flower bed. Especially young upward branches of cherry trees have a tendency to develop. In this respect special attention to the development of side branches should be. Should briefly during the life of cherry cherry light pruning or both.
7. DISEASES AND PESTS Games
Common and important diseases of cherry and cherry pests Monilya (The Mummy) and is the cherry fly.
7.1. Monilya (Mummy) Disease
Monilya (Munya) kastalığı As with other hard-core of cherry and cherry is one of the most important fungal disease.
7.1.1. Symptoms and Biology: Diseases; to primary shoots and flower blight, fruit rot causes a second-degree. Dried fruit does not create the flowers. Remain in groups in exile. Fungus and there open late micelle flowers from the branches and branches of cancer creates wounds backwards from end dries. Flowers, stalks on kuvrılarak, at that point the gum will stick branches. Fruit usually become infected and rot in the near future are to mature. After a period of rotting fruit become mummified branch will remain suspended.
Fungus the winter in mummified fruit became diseased, cancerous spends in branch. The opening of the sports in the spring time flowers full of flowers is infected.
7.1.2. Struggle
Cultural and chemical control measures in the fight against Monilya applies.
7.1.2.1. Cultural measures
Up to a year in pre-diseased branches of trees, flowers and fruit mummies should be cleaned.
7.1.2.2. Chemical Challenge
When the flowers open and there first medication starts. All of the flowers open to the second medication is done. Effective against Monilyaya substance, formulation and use for drugs listed below with any chemical control is applied.
Cherries And Cherry Breeding
Effective matter. Name and% of Formulation 100 lt. Water-preparation (gr)
Captain 50 WP. 300
Thira 80 WP. 200
Dodine 65 WP. 100
Benomyl 50 WP. 60
CARBENDAZIM 50 WP. 75
Vinclozolin 50 WP. 100
WP Thiophanatemethyl 70. 60
7.2. Cherry Fly
Hosts cherries and cherry, among a host honeysuckle (Lomicera) species which are, the adult fly cherry 4-5mm. Neck, Thora (chest) black in color, transparent wings, 4 pieces are bluish-black band. Eggs thin, long, white in color, white larvae are legless and cream-colored type, type of pupa pupa in the draft.
7.2.1. Type of damage and life styles
Cherry Fly larvae, eating fruit in the fruit pulp causes of loss. Wormy fruit is poured. Even lower value poured Sunday.
Cherry Fly; winter in the pupa stage, in the soil, in the case diyapoz passes. In the spring of next year, after mating the female adults, fruit of the fall semester, I put the eggs in the fruit of the pipe as eggs are del. Females lay eggs on the fruit when they are secreted from the male sex feromunu a while they remain here. This is the second time the eggs to fruit and thus prevent a larva in a fruit develops.
40-100 eggs are a female. The larvae from eggs of the fruit becomes mature after been fed with meat section, fruit, leaves and soil 2-5 cm. depth of the pupa is. Here until next year in the pupa of the soil in the case remain diyapoz. Thus, in a fertilized fly giving cherry.
7.2.2. Struggle
Cultural measures in the fight against fly with cherry chemical control is applied.
7.2.2.1. Cultural measures
The collection of the wormy fruit are buried deep, durable, and early varieties to be grown, wild cherry, cherry and Lonicera (Honeysuckle) types of cherry, cherry not be cultivated in the region, soil tillage in the fall, the cherry fly population decreases significantly.
7.2.2.2. Chemical Challenge
I have fallen fruits to start the circuit medications is an appropriate period. This observation should be made according to the most early varieties. This is the appropriate method for the garden by hanging yellow sticky traps visual output according to the first adult to make medicines.
Disease control with the second or third trap whether medications need to be identified. Effective against the cherry fly substance, formulation and use for drugs listed below with any chemical control is applied. Minimum period between the end of harvest with medication should be followed meticulously.
Effective formulation of Article 100 lt. Last medications with water
Name and% of preparations (gr) Minimum Time Between Harvest
Bromophs 25/40 EC 200cc / 125cc 7 days
Malathion 20/25 EC / WP 300cc / 250gr. 7 days
Diazinon 20 EC 200cc 14 days
Cherries And Cherry Breeding
8. HARVEST, TASNİF AND PACKAGING
8.1. Harvest
Cherry and cherry harvest should be collected when they reached maturity. This is the normal fruit size, color and variety of unique taste and aroma is receiving. Council should be known very well that these types of fruit to harvest time and thus greatly increase the true enormity of the amount of 35-40% yield increase.
Because of economic thought, some very early maturing varieties are not the exception, cherries and cherry are usually harvested at a time and again by hand and often with handles are collected. During the fruit should not be breaking dalcık collection. Collected fruit basket or bucket with 3-5 kg / bucket is put into place that will be sent packing. 8.2. Sorting and packaging
Especially the market supply is being extra cherries, I. class and II. classes are divided into three classes to be. Diameter of 20 mm from the non entirely similar in terms of shape and color of the fruit extra class they enter at the top. However, although good quality shape, color and development in terms of at least 17 mm in diameter with mild disabilities I. enter class. Selected from the remaining fruit, but still fresh, strong, injury-free, spotless, non-cracked fruit II. enter class. They will be in between sizes.
In this way, the selected cherries, 5 - 10 kg 'lık basket 30 x 50 cm size boxes or trays that are put into the market is offering. Packaging containers light, must be clean and new.
