Chick ORDER
Chicks, poultry preparation time be left in terms of weeks or even months in advance and must be ordered. Before ordering, will be the number of chicks should be identified. Be taken care of chicks should be in the same age. To prepare the vaccine program must be in the same age chicks.
GEL PREPARATIONS BEFORE chick TODO
1 - Poultry farms in previously cleaned of any remaining base as possible should be taken to a remote location.
2 - Set around thoroughly cleaned of weeds, garbage and other waste collected and must be removed.
3 - must be cleaned thoroughly and all the ground floor with pressurized water and then washed thoroughly disinfected whether high-dose dried.
4 - cluster found in all the equipment (feeders, drinkers, etc..) Should be washed and disinfected.
5 - Set all of the closing fümige (fumigation) and should be thoroughly ventilated after 24 hours should be set.
6 - If possible, set at a time before coming to the chicks of all walls must be lime whitewash.
7 - should be laid on the floor clean and dry base. Base as sawdust, stalks, straw, etc. can be used glume.
8 - Set at least 1-2 weeks should be left blank. This process does not die with disinfection and fumigation to kill micro-organisms life cycle allows the parts.
9 - Set within the entire equipment (screens, cables, fans, main machines, heaters and light bulbs) will be reviewed and must be repaired.
10 - Set input - output in the pools should be emptied and refilled to be clear whether the plain.
11 - needed cleaning time, then both should not put anyone into the set.
12 - set 24 hours ago from Chick came to a set temperature heat source must be set under this temperature 32-35 degrees, 26-27 degrees in the room should be.
THAT DAY TO OPERATE chicks will
1-Chick who bring their car should always have been disinfected. Chicks, with a set of tools, farm washed and dressed in clean clothes should be moved by its own staff.
2-washable material made from plastic and other non-chick boxes should be destroyed immediately.
3-Chick came first when it opened a few boxes and then the rest should look at the overall situation must be downloaded to a set.
4-door was opened for Chick box next to the heater should be left to the slow.
5-Chick of whether the vaccine should be learned from hatcheries are not made if the vaccine were made to check before then should be put in the main machinery.
POULTRY PROCESSING TODO to chicks after KON KON AND square meter to the chick NUMBER
Need to put more than a set of animals will cause various diseases in the accumulation and magnification period will result in the increase of telefat.
Chick Number of square feet to Kona
AGE (Weeks) in YERDE LATTICE
0-2 40
75
2-4
30
60
4-7
20
--
After a set of chicks following in mind should be put.
1-heat source should be sufficient.
2-heater should be placed under the more animals.
3-air draft should be prevented.
4-Lighting should be sufficient.
Well to calculate the amount of 5-Feeding and watering and should be sufficient.
6-Temperature and humidity should be set well.
7-holder must be dry.
TEMPERATURE DEGREE REQUIRED PERIOD of chicks in
Age (weeks) in the Chick Level Temperature (degrees) Set Temperature (degrees) (1 m. Higher Ground in)
1
2
3
4
5
6
32-35
32
30
27
25
23
27
24
22
20
20
18
CARE AND FEEDING
Drinking water and feed the chicks learn to eat very quickly. After the incubation, although 72 hours without food and water having an unwanted situation, and this development impact. Exit hatch after an incubation 24-48 hours after the latest food to eat and water to drink should be started. Matter how little this time, the more positive results are obtained.
Is it very important biological functions of water in chicks. Water regulates body temperature, and temperature within the cooling will retain the same level. The regular work of the digestive system, metabolism, and is now an important role in the play of the elem.
In the first week of 2 cm per chick chick drinker edge is calculated. 15 days after the chicks per 2.5 cm side length and height can be calculated by setting the normal drinker strap can be used. After hatching drinkers accustomed to, into the base to prevent the watering of 2-3 cm from the base level should be increased.
Chicks when the water temperature should be around 17-22 degrees and fresh water supply should be ensured. Been a long wait and soiled water should be especially careful not to use.
If possible on a regular basis every day drinker chick brush should be cleaned. 3 weeks at least once a week from this process should be repeated. Cleaning a small amount of disinfectant to use during certain to destroy harmful microorganisms is useful. However, vaccines should be used when a disinfectant. Disinfectants to reduce the activity of the vaccine because they sometimes even have to make inactive.
Chicks from day to clean, fresh and nutrient needs of animals containing high quality forage should be given.
Chicks were made in the first week a special plastic, cardboard or egg kullanalabilirler as viyollerini manger. Third week after a round of semi-automatic or automatic feeders hanging feeders should begin to benefit from. However, at an early age in a round manger of the animals can eat the feeder level should be considered to be set.
A number of plastic chick feeder 50 to 60 is good enough to hatch. If long-chain system feeders or automatic feeders are used, etc. 4 cm feeder space per chick should be separated. Distance needed even in the manger crib round crib for 60% of the 't need to be.
KANNİBALİZM (pecking) AND GAGA KESİMİ
Kannibalizm, chicks of all ages, observed between chickens and chickens and breeders is never a bad habit can not be neglected. Because, in this case, each of the animals kloaka (back) or just below the abdomen kloakanın their heads, fingers, wings and tail of the pecking cause serious wounds.
Kannibalizmin main reasons are:
1-Feeding, watering, and nesting-box of insufficient
2-protein and essential amino acids in terms of oath to be totally deficient or inadequate
3-unit area than normal animals to be placed,
4-nervousness and extreme excitement
5-Over-temperature,
6-Over-illumination,
7-wounded and disabled animals is not straggle,
8-Some of the chickens back to throw out (prolapse),
9-All kinds of stress conditions,
Nothing in 10-nesting-box, instead of laying down the animal to be resisted,
Of 11-nesting-box is much brighter,
12-turn of the animals or be left without water,
Occurring during the 13-mating of maltreatment or injuries,
14-Only use pellet feed,
15-wounds caused by external parasites,
16-different ages, race and color of the animals be kept together,
One or several of these factors Kannibalizm effects may occur with. It is best to avoid them by eliminating the output. However, after being on a time, almost no remedy other than cutting bill does not.
Bill until the age of maturity at cutting output from the genus that period, can be made at any time. Does not look to the time of the outbreak is particularly kannibalizm should be started immediately without. Normal training programs cut bill, 6 - should be done between the 9th day, 10-14 weeks between the broken ones should be corrected. Gaga for this business sector has been generally done with an electric car and are being, this is a knife is sharp and very warm. Bill for the brand when the knife cuts, excessive bleeding and quicker healing provides the front. To be done in the most appropriate way of branding, the beak tip after discontinuation, hot knife is kept in contact 2-3 sec. Be kept stress leads to more than that, the bill less the mountain will grow again. Gaga both segments such as beak can be done by cutting one, only the upper beak can be done by cutting.
To cut animal captor, the head of the fingers of one hand chick in the back of the head, index finger, if only the top is to be cut between the two bill, both of which is to be cut below the future throat holding them tightly, the other hand will grasp the feet. The index finger in this way be kept back by pulling the animal's tongue touch prevents hot knife. Both the bill is to be cut off, head down, leaned slightly longer stay of the lower beak, to cut a little short on is provided.
VENTILATION
Ventilation; set within the CO2, ammonia, foul-smelling gases, humidity and dust is removed from the environment. More than a few days off of the first set of chicks are not needed, places where a set of machines of type main air change per hour will be set as 3-5 times is sufficient. Magnification of the 3rd period weeks from needs to be set very well ventilated. Especially in the cold winter months set of breeders to maintain the internal temperature of the heating costs are avoided. As a result of bad weather that occurred during the base set because of the humidity level is rising. This is neglected in the case of the more thoroughly a set of indoor air pollution and excess ammonia is made. Base of the emergence of diseases such as wet to keep cocsidiosis causes.
Set of excessive ventilation inside the cluster will occur because of air currents in chick may cause respiratory tract infections appear. Inadequate and excessive ventilation, bad chicks to fledge, slow growth, feed efficiency and animal populations in the fall üniformitenin causes deterioration.
LIGHTING
Egg production during directional growth of chicks bred in very good implementation of a lighting program is required. The first two days of chick lit must be made and applied to the full-day program according to the lighting, if necessary, should be extended one to two weeks. Each square meter of luminous intensity 3 to 4 watts is sufficient to keep level.
Lighting lamps used to be hung at a height of 2 m from the ground every 15 square meters and 60 watts' lık should actually a lamp. 1 square meter 1 watt light intensity for the field never less than this should not be reduced. At the same time the severe light intensity should not be applied.
Lighting programs, applying state of the region latitude, sunrise and sunset and day length also must be taken into account. If day length is not enough extra lighting should be implemented. Reducing the light intensity to prevent Kannibalizmin is useful.
CHICKEN CHICKEN AND GROWING
For the set of Chicken Preparation: If the chickens are to be taken to spawn in the set they were growing to do any cleaning and there is no need to change the footer. In contrast, the growing maturity and type of chicken that access will be transferred to another set of spawning periods and there are to pass, before the chicks, poultry and equipment previously in chick growth, as described in detail be cleaned, washed, and their need to be disinfected. This set also comes up chicks for a period of at least one week should be left blank.
Cleaned and disinfected to the set of the new base should be laid. Base, ensuring easy and cheap, clean, dry and not moldy, must be type 7.5-winter 10 cm thick mat is spread.
To be fitted inside the base is placed nesting-box clean. The chicken came before the nesting-box to place them before the eggs begin to provide the required time for exercise and thus reduces the rate of spawning ground, reduces the number of broken and dirty eggs.
Particularly to feeders and drinkers, all equipment will be overhauled to make the necessary repairs.
Transport of chicks: Chicks dig the magnification set to a set of ovulation 16 to 18 weeks are moved across. To minimize transport stress:
1-Capture and retention must be done carefully. Stress causes a loss of body weight at the level of 2-3%.
2-Carrier, a cool day or days in the cool hours must be made.
3-Chicken in the dark, as they are less nervous if possible, move night is worth.
During the 4-move by making unnecessary movements and noise should not scare the animals.
Affected by 5-stress before and after a while without moving for, vitamins should be given.
Chickens get moved or transported from or leave the same set of matter, before you start laying eggs is subjected to an extract, and this job will continue to control all the spawning period weekly. Extraction with weak, sick, did not grow sufficiently small bodied, disabled, blind and injured animals are removed from the herd. In this way, with lots of animals to extract a certain level of profitability of the yield to drop to the bottom is prevented.
EFFECT OF EGG YIELD FACTORS ET
Once a chicken to lay eggs can maintain this level of efficiency depends on certain conditions. Including:
1-Appropriate Environment: Set of internal heat, humidity and ventilation affect the level of egg production. Therefore, animals provide the most appropriate environmental conditions must be protected from the weather changes daily. The temperature rise above normal eggs will reduce the yield. In addition, egg weight, shell thickness and quality, internal quality, feed consumption, body weight gain, blood calcium level, oxygen intake, blood pressure and heart rate drops. Against the lack of water consumption, body temperature and breathing rate increases. Eggs from hens after 27 degrees from the temperature starts to be uncomfortable and 38 degrees above the temperature of the egg production is affected by violence and even death begins.
Normal climatic conditions within a set temperature of the heat emitted from the body with only chickens can be met. But in winter to protect the internal temperature and dry air is humidified mat that was cut, which can create significant problems.
13 degrees at the bottom of chickens begin to be uncomfortable. Optimum temperature for chicken eggs within a set of 18 - is 20 degrees. Ambient temperature decreases, the body temperature to protect chickens feed more places.
2-Equipment: Used equipment can affect the efficiency of egg-type and convenience. Is used in a variety of feeders and drinkers. More common ones are round and hollow.
The height of the drinker, water level 2.5 cm above the animals' back line will be set. More water in hot weather in animals, taking into account the number of drinkers to meet the maximum water level needs must be.
Term Development Needs and Field Magnification
6 to 18 Week 18 Week After
Yet in the cage. Yet on the ground. Yet in the cage. Yet on the ground.
Distance to 280 cm2 area 10 chicks / m2 400 cm2 6 Chicken / m2
Feeders 5 cm 5 cm 10 cm 7.5 cm distance
2.5 cm 2.5 cm 10 cm 4 Suluk Distance - 5 cm
FEED THE NEED AND DRINKERS
6 to 18 Week 18 Week After
Nippel Suluk nippel 1 / 6 to 8 chicken nippel 1 / 4 to 6 chicken
Round Suluk Suluk 1 / 75 to 80 chicken Suluk 1 / 75 to 80 chicken
Long Manger 5 cm / chicken 7.5 - 8 cm / hen
Round 1 manger Manger / 40 chicken feeders 1 / 25 to 30 chicken
Most businesses are laying very nesting-box-eyed, one-eyed are kept more than nesting-box. If the right eye every 4-to-one chicken egg is the highest yield at the time and location meets the requirements of chickens, even to a large extent it can prevent ovulation.
With so-called single nesting-box usually 60 x 240 cm nesting-box-size hole in the front and back of the one that consists of a trunk and height of 60 cm from the ground is. Each of these is enough for 35 chickens.
3-Lighting: Lights, related to egg production by increasing the activities of some endocrine glands boosts egg production. Duration and intensity of illumination of the egg production in chickens, the kind of maturity age, egg weight, live weight gain, embryo development, sperm quality and fertilization capacity in men has a significant impact on.
Lighting prolongation of the duration, kind of maturity to reach an unwanted situation in poultry is quick. Because they are small in the first eggs, egg yield decreases, have already begun laying back and remove the internal organs out (prolapse); eggs, depending on the weight of them is the little chick and in the future can not grow as needed. To prevent early maturity category of open set out in the winter lighting program should be implemented gradually decreasing. In the spring exit, until you reach maturity category do not have such restrictions.
Density
AGES Day Light Hours Watt / m2 Lux
1-2 Days from 20 to 23 3 to 4 20 to 40
3 to 4 Days 20 3 20 to 30
5-6 Days 19 3 20 to 30
7-14 days 16 - 17 2 10 to 20
15-21 Days 14 - 15 2 10 -20
22-28 Days 13 2 10 to 20
29-35 days 12 1 5 to 10
36 to 42 Days 11 1 5 to 10
43 to 49 Days 10 1 5 to 10
50-98 Days 9 1 5 to 10
99-105 Days 9 3 20 -30
106-112 Days 10 3 20 -30
113-119 Days 11 3 20 to 30
120-126 Days 12 3 20 to 30
127-133 Days 12:30 3 20 to 30
134-168 Day 1 / 2 hours weekly Incrementing 3 20-30
169 after 15 - 16 hours 3 20 to 30
POULTRY CAGE is
Today all commercial eggs grown on the earth takes 65-70% of the 'i is hosted in the cage. Cages, as well as for chicken eggs and chicks are used for chicken. Accordingly, only animals such as chicks or chicks can spend time in their cage, chick, chicken and eggs is possible to spend time in the same cage. In the latter case some of these chicks put in cages and animals grow into empty cages are transferring. Bunda, a set move from the cluster is not much stress is not in question is also to set the idle time is not more than, tster anywhere, whether in cages they enlarged, chicken eggs transferred to cages in this business 16 to 1 weeks to be made between is appropriate.
Doing so, the chickens before the eggs begin to move at the stress on them would be sufficient time was left. Detailed information about the types of cages in shelters are given.
Burning effect of excessive heat, especially in the poultry cages in the open cluster is greater. Because the animal's cage in the body is completely surrounded by hot air, there is no refuge can be a cool place.
Will be allocated to each animal in the cage poultry cage space race and age varies. If the number of animals is necessary if more and more congested;
- Magnification adequate weight gain in the period can not be right.
- Death rate increases.
- Egg yield decreases in the period.
- The eggs are small.
- Egg quality decreases.
- Kannibalizm revealed
- Set internal ventilation problems increases.
In contrast, the more animals are placed in unit area, the animals per investment expenditures and maintenance costs are also the less. Economic unit area as the maximum number of animals that may be, cage size, animal feeders per area, while many of their cage, the application of the lighting program, a set of changes planlanış and heat, depending on factors such as may vary. Cages should be divided into farming areas in the animal head is as follows.
14. weeks' (cm2) 18 weeks'
(cm2) after 18.haftadan
(cm2)
White laying Breeds 232 290 387
Brown laying Breeds 277 355 484
Each animal will be divided into areas other than the cage size is also important. Animals per area without changing the number of animals increases, so grows cages for egg production, egg weight and feed efficiency of changes in chickens although not lay eggs during live weight gains are more than soft-shelled eggs, reduce the number of cases where the rate of cracked eggs is increasing. Research each of the 4 chicken cages big enough to be done in the most economical results given was revealed.
Chicks, chickens CHICKEN AND NUTRITION
Success in farming, high efficiency of the use of animals as well as market conditions are appropriate, good farm management, protection from disease and parasites, such as adequate nutrition, and economic factors are closely related. The higher genetic potential of the herd, regardless, environmental factors creates conditions appropriate care and feeding itself, unless it is impossible to reach the expected level of efficiency. Supply of production to be profitable in terms of the same importance. Because the poultry feed business spending, reaches 70% of all spending. Therefore, a farming profitable for inexpensive but adequate nutrition is essential.
In addition to supply eggs, as well as significantly affect the quality of chicken meat is. The studies, quantity and quality of feed and body weight gain, egg weight, skin and the color of egg yolk, body weight, egg shell quality, egg's vitamins and fatty acids scope, poultry and eggs taste the close relations between exists suggests.
In recent years, great success obtained in poultry feed in the feed industry in the field of inventions and their practice with the chicken feed is transferred to share very important. Indeed, studies conducted at the end l kg. spent feeding 1.8 kg of body weight. 't, l kg. eggs, the amount spent for the 2.1 - 2.2 kg. 'I do not much later.
PROPERTIES OF NUTRITION from chickens ANGLE
According to the digestive system of chickens and other animals in body size and digestive system is less important considering the lack of a microorganism populations in the chicken feed you need to know the features can be summarized as follows.
Feed the chickens in sellülozdan can not benefit. Because the digestive system, it will be parts of cellulose enzyme secretion-embryos. In addition, feed chickens forming part of the raw cellulose lignin, pectin, compounds such as bleaching and kit also can not digest.
To meet the energy requirements of chickens in general places. In other words, until you meet the place, and other nutrients are met and without waiting to fill their stomach to eat cut bait. Contrast level is lower than the energy of the ration, as more open to try to shut down. However, the energy level is very low, the capacity of the animal's digestive system and therefore have limited capacity to eat more to feed on the energy question may off. If the level is too high if the energy of the ration, this time the energy needs of the animals will stop eating food for the early meeting, the receipt of food rations in the other case with no window. To give you a rough value of the energy rations increase or decrease the scope of l% of the 0.8% increase or decrease the feed intake can be said to cause.
Chickens in the sense of taste, a better developed sense of smell but is still limited. However, preference is granted, corn and wheat, barley, oats and rye, an open or bright-colored food, with dark or dull-colored, coarse grinding advice very thin, light, moist prefer to feed dry.
Some toxic substances found in chicken feed is very high sensitivity. For example, in the ration contained soybean trypsin inhibitor fasülıesinde, sorghum or the tanninler, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal in the erucic acid in the goss-pol. Ration of these raw materials be due to rate symptoms in chickens, will create significant efficiency will decrease.
NUTRITIONAL SUBSTANCES REQUIREMENTS
l-Energy Requirements: chicken feed can not benefit from the energy-tamamuı. An amount of fertilizer and energy, a quantity of urine, and still some energy in the energy loss through the extra heat they lose. The remaining energy Geriıe net energy (NE) and is the energy used by chickens.
The energy-protein balance is very important fodder. High-energy food high in protein, low-energy food should be low in protein. Because chickens less than high-energy diets, low-energy diets consumed more than meet the energy needs. For this reason, they can also meet their protein requirements of energy-protein ratio should be in balance.
Reduce the energy consumption increases as the feed ration. Growth in chicks fed low-energy stops feeding, the age of the tank is reduced. The small amount of glycogen stored in the body are used, followed by years and last used as a body of protein and animal dies.
2-Protein Requirements: Proteins consist of amino acids. Amino acids are organic compounds with high molecular weight. That are necessary for them, such as chickens Ruminants sentezleyebilme amino acids are not capable. Especially 13 must be supplied with food aminoa-pee. These are often missing between 2 amino acids in the ration has a privilege to stay because. These are lysine, methionine dir.
15-18% crude protein in chicken eggs should be on rasy. The amount of protein in chickens with a single stomach rather than supply and quality are important. The quality of protein, and amino acid digestibility rate is related to the amount. Optimum level of amino acid requirements can be met more than one protein source in diets for the combination is required.
3 - Mineral Requirements: chicken in every period of their lives in a certain amount of mineral requirements maddeıe hear. These are the most important calcium and phosphorus' dur. Calcium alone is not supplied with phosphorus. Chick and chicken ration-rında usually l% calcium, phosphorus is 0.5%. Hen egg ration is 3-4% of calcium, phosphorus is 0.7-1%.
Calcium deficiency is reduced feed intake, growth regress, basal metabolism increases, activity decreases, rickets is seen, abnormal posture and gait is, life is shorter, reduced egg production and egg shell is viewed as the quality is distorted.
4 - Vitamin Requirements: Vitamins are the essential ingredients necessary for life. Any chemical reactions in living cells to draft one or more of the vitamin is more effective. Vitamins are divided into two groups. These,
a. Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K vitamins)
b. Water-soluble vitamins (B group vitamins and vitamin C) Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver in the body into water-soluble vitamins can not be a significant warehouse.
All vitamins, diets can not be met by the raw materials. Therefore, several companies are issued by the lack premikslerle are met. Vitamin B12 in particular those of animal origin in the feed ration to the animal origin of raw materials always requires participation.
5-Oil Requirement: 2.5 times more energy from carbohydrates and proteins that contain oils, only egg broiler chicken rations, not for certain proportions rasyonlanna participate.
This is because the concentrated energy source that as well, to prevent dust you, swear to the taste and appearance improvements, pe-letlemeye assistance, food machines lubricated with a natural way as to prevent wear, essential fatty acids to supply and fat-soluble vitamins are carrying.
6-Water Requirements: Water in the body will engage in conduct olaıın many metabolites. Of nutrients and metabolites in all cells of the body moving and disposing of waste materials from the cells that make blood, and intracellular fluid between cells is the basic material.
The amount of total body water; chicks during 70% during 55% of adult and blood plasma 90% is. 60% of the egg 's water and an egg from the body 38 gr. water is removed.
Tükettişi a chicken 100 gr. 200 for food. containing water. Hot this rate 250-300. 'Eat out. Normal water consumption will reduce the 20% reduction in feed intake.
Chicks NUTRITION
After laying out the first 6 weeks of hatching eggs chicks are fed with feed. Energy level is high protein feed and chicks. The reason for this rapid growth period during which chicks for growth is to ensure the adequate nutrients. During this period, at least 20% protein ration of 2800 kcal. / Kg. metabolic energy must contain.
In the form of fine food to feed chicks should be eating. Pe-let should be given to the feed to be broken or crushed. To be broken up pellets coarse, fine oath have been more finely ground is also objectionable. Thin feed chicks by the yapıştışı enough to bill can not be consumed.
Into place before hatching at a rate of 3-5% water containing sugar should be prepared and filled with drinkers. Before eating animals that feed should be provided drinking water, sweetened water for the purpose of disposing of waste materials and empty egg barsaklardaki novel by giving energy to the chick is to increase resistance. Chicks given the first day of the second end of the day is not sweetened water is poured, sugar creates a suitable environment for microbial activity for the drinkers and thoroughly washed with clean water is filled. Chick from the 2-3 hours after drinking the juice, this sweet feed is given.
Chicks, poultry preparation time be left in terms of weeks or even months in advance and must be ordered. Before ordering, will be the number of chicks should be identified. Be taken care of chicks should be in the same age. To prepare the vaccine program must be in the same age chicks.
GEL PREPARATIONS BEFORE chick TODO
1 - Poultry farms in previously cleaned of any remaining base as possible should be taken to a remote location.
2 - Set around thoroughly cleaned of weeds, garbage and other waste collected and must be removed.
3 - must be cleaned thoroughly and all the ground floor with pressurized water and then washed thoroughly disinfected whether high-dose dried.
4 - cluster found in all the equipment (feeders, drinkers, etc..) Should be washed and disinfected.
5 - Set all of the closing fümige (fumigation) and should be thoroughly ventilated after 24 hours should be set.
6 - If possible, set at a time before coming to the chicks of all walls must be lime whitewash.
7 - should be laid on the floor clean and dry base. Base as sawdust, stalks, straw, etc. can be used glume.
8 - Set at least 1-2 weeks should be left blank. This process does not die with disinfection and fumigation to kill micro-organisms life cycle allows the parts.
9 - Set within the entire equipment (screens, cables, fans, main machines, heaters and light bulbs) will be reviewed and must be repaired.
10 - Set input - output in the pools should be emptied and refilled to be clear whether the plain.
11 - needed cleaning time, then both should not put anyone into the set.
12 - set 24 hours ago from Chick came to a set temperature heat source must be set under this temperature 32-35 degrees, 26-27 degrees in the room should be.
THAT DAY TO OPERATE chicks will
1-Chick who bring their car should always have been disinfected. Chicks, with a set of tools, farm washed and dressed in clean clothes should be moved by its own staff.
2-washable material made from plastic and other non-chick boxes should be destroyed immediately.
3-Chick came first when it opened a few boxes and then the rest should look at the overall situation must be downloaded to a set.
4-door was opened for Chick box next to the heater should be left to the slow.
5-Chick of whether the vaccine should be learned from hatcheries are not made if the vaccine were made to check before then should be put in the main machinery.
POULTRY PROCESSING TODO to chicks after KON KON AND square meter to the chick NUMBER
Need to put more than a set of animals will cause various diseases in the accumulation and magnification period will result in the increase of telefat.
Chick Number of square feet to Kona
AGE (Weeks) in YERDE LATTICE
0-2 40
75
2-4
30
60
4-7
20
--
After a set of chicks following in mind should be put.
1-heat source should be sufficient.
2-heater should be placed under the more animals.
3-air draft should be prevented.
4-Lighting should be sufficient.
Well to calculate the amount of 5-Feeding and watering and should be sufficient.
6-Temperature and humidity should be set well.
7-holder must be dry.
TEMPERATURE DEGREE REQUIRED PERIOD of chicks in
Age (weeks) in the Chick Level Temperature (degrees) Set Temperature (degrees) (1 m. Higher Ground in)
1
2
3
4
5
6
32-35
32
30
27
25
23
27
24
22
20
20
18
CARE AND FEEDING
Drinking water and feed the chicks learn to eat very quickly. After the incubation, although 72 hours without food and water having an unwanted situation, and this development impact. Exit hatch after an incubation 24-48 hours after the latest food to eat and water to drink should be started. Matter how little this time, the more positive results are obtained.
Is it very important biological functions of water in chicks. Water regulates body temperature, and temperature within the cooling will retain the same level. The regular work of the digestive system, metabolism, and is now an important role in the play of the elem.
In the first week of 2 cm per chick chick drinker edge is calculated. 15 days after the chicks per 2.5 cm side length and height can be calculated by setting the normal drinker strap can be used. After hatching drinkers accustomed to, into the base to prevent the watering of 2-3 cm from the base level should be increased.
Chicks when the water temperature should be around 17-22 degrees and fresh water supply should be ensured. Been a long wait and soiled water should be especially careful not to use.
If possible on a regular basis every day drinker chick brush should be cleaned. 3 weeks at least once a week from this process should be repeated. Cleaning a small amount of disinfectant to use during certain to destroy harmful microorganisms is useful. However, vaccines should be used when a disinfectant. Disinfectants to reduce the activity of the vaccine because they sometimes even have to make inactive.
Chicks from day to clean, fresh and nutrient needs of animals containing high quality forage should be given.
Chicks were made in the first week a special plastic, cardboard or egg kullanalabilirler as viyollerini manger. Third week after a round of semi-automatic or automatic feeders hanging feeders should begin to benefit from. However, at an early age in a round manger of the animals can eat the feeder level should be considered to be set.
A number of plastic chick feeder 50 to 60 is good enough to hatch. If long-chain system feeders or automatic feeders are used, etc. 4 cm feeder space per chick should be separated. Distance needed even in the manger crib round crib for 60% of the 't need to be.
KANNİBALİZM (pecking) AND GAGA KESİMİ
Kannibalizm, chicks of all ages, observed between chickens and chickens and breeders is never a bad habit can not be neglected. Because, in this case, each of the animals kloaka (back) or just below the abdomen kloakanın their heads, fingers, wings and tail of the pecking cause serious wounds.
Kannibalizmin main reasons are:
1-Feeding, watering, and nesting-box of insufficient
2-protein and essential amino acids in terms of oath to be totally deficient or inadequate
3-unit area than normal animals to be placed,
4-nervousness and extreme excitement
5-Over-temperature,
6-Over-illumination,
7-wounded and disabled animals is not straggle,
8-Some of the chickens back to throw out (prolapse),
9-All kinds of stress conditions,
Nothing in 10-nesting-box, instead of laying down the animal to be resisted,
Of 11-nesting-box is much brighter,
12-turn of the animals or be left without water,
Occurring during the 13-mating of maltreatment or injuries,
14-Only use pellet feed,
15-wounds caused by external parasites,
16-different ages, race and color of the animals be kept together,
One or several of these factors Kannibalizm effects may occur with. It is best to avoid them by eliminating the output. However, after being on a time, almost no remedy other than cutting bill does not.
Bill until the age of maturity at cutting output from the genus that period, can be made at any time. Does not look to the time of the outbreak is particularly kannibalizm should be started immediately without. Normal training programs cut bill, 6 - should be done between the 9th day, 10-14 weeks between the broken ones should be corrected. Gaga for this business sector has been generally done with an electric car and are being, this is a knife is sharp and very warm. Bill for the brand when the knife cuts, excessive bleeding and quicker healing provides the front. To be done in the most appropriate way of branding, the beak tip after discontinuation, hot knife is kept in contact 2-3 sec. Be kept stress leads to more than that, the bill less the mountain will grow again. Gaga both segments such as beak can be done by cutting one, only the upper beak can be done by cutting.
To cut animal captor, the head of the fingers of one hand chick in the back of the head, index finger, if only the top is to be cut between the two bill, both of which is to be cut below the future throat holding them tightly, the other hand will grasp the feet. The index finger in this way be kept back by pulling the animal's tongue touch prevents hot knife. Both the bill is to be cut off, head down, leaned slightly longer stay of the lower beak, to cut a little short on is provided.
VENTILATION
Ventilation; set within the CO2, ammonia, foul-smelling gases, humidity and dust is removed from the environment. More than a few days off of the first set of chicks are not needed, places where a set of machines of type main air change per hour will be set as 3-5 times is sufficient. Magnification of the 3rd period weeks from needs to be set very well ventilated. Especially in the cold winter months set of breeders to maintain the internal temperature of the heating costs are avoided. As a result of bad weather that occurred during the base set because of the humidity level is rising. This is neglected in the case of the more thoroughly a set of indoor air pollution and excess ammonia is made. Base of the emergence of diseases such as wet to keep cocsidiosis causes.
Set of excessive ventilation inside the cluster will occur because of air currents in chick may cause respiratory tract infections appear. Inadequate and excessive ventilation, bad chicks to fledge, slow growth, feed efficiency and animal populations in the fall üniformitenin causes deterioration.
LIGHTING
Egg production during directional growth of chicks bred in very good implementation of a lighting program is required. The first two days of chick lit must be made and applied to the full-day program according to the lighting, if necessary, should be extended one to two weeks. Each square meter of luminous intensity 3 to 4 watts is sufficient to keep level.
Lighting lamps used to be hung at a height of 2 m from the ground every 15 square meters and 60 watts' lık should actually a lamp. 1 square meter 1 watt light intensity for the field never less than this should not be reduced. At the same time the severe light intensity should not be applied.
Lighting programs, applying state of the region latitude, sunrise and sunset and day length also must be taken into account. If day length is not enough extra lighting should be implemented. Reducing the light intensity to prevent Kannibalizmin is useful.
CHICKEN CHICKEN AND GROWING
For the set of Chicken Preparation: If the chickens are to be taken to spawn in the set they were growing to do any cleaning and there is no need to change the footer. In contrast, the growing maturity and type of chicken that access will be transferred to another set of spawning periods and there are to pass, before the chicks, poultry and equipment previously in chick growth, as described in detail be cleaned, washed, and their need to be disinfected. This set also comes up chicks for a period of at least one week should be left blank.
Cleaned and disinfected to the set of the new base should be laid. Base, ensuring easy and cheap, clean, dry and not moldy, must be type 7.5-winter 10 cm thick mat is spread.
To be fitted inside the base is placed nesting-box clean. The chicken came before the nesting-box to place them before the eggs begin to provide the required time for exercise and thus reduces the rate of spawning ground, reduces the number of broken and dirty eggs.
Particularly to feeders and drinkers, all equipment will be overhauled to make the necessary repairs.
Transport of chicks: Chicks dig the magnification set to a set of ovulation 16 to 18 weeks are moved across. To minimize transport stress:
1-Capture and retention must be done carefully. Stress causes a loss of body weight at the level of 2-3%.
2-Carrier, a cool day or days in the cool hours must be made.
3-Chicken in the dark, as they are less nervous if possible, move night is worth.
During the 4-move by making unnecessary movements and noise should not scare the animals.
Affected by 5-stress before and after a while without moving for, vitamins should be given.
Chickens get moved or transported from or leave the same set of matter, before you start laying eggs is subjected to an extract, and this job will continue to control all the spawning period weekly. Extraction with weak, sick, did not grow sufficiently small bodied, disabled, blind and injured animals are removed from the herd. In this way, with lots of animals to extract a certain level of profitability of the yield to drop to the bottom is prevented.
EFFECT OF EGG YIELD FACTORS ET
Once a chicken to lay eggs can maintain this level of efficiency depends on certain conditions. Including:
1-Appropriate Environment: Set of internal heat, humidity and ventilation affect the level of egg production. Therefore, animals provide the most appropriate environmental conditions must be protected from the weather changes daily. The temperature rise above normal eggs will reduce the yield. In addition, egg weight, shell thickness and quality, internal quality, feed consumption, body weight gain, blood calcium level, oxygen intake, blood pressure and heart rate drops. Against the lack of water consumption, body temperature and breathing rate increases. Eggs from hens after 27 degrees from the temperature starts to be uncomfortable and 38 degrees above the temperature of the egg production is affected by violence and even death begins.
Normal climatic conditions within a set temperature of the heat emitted from the body with only chickens can be met. But in winter to protect the internal temperature and dry air is humidified mat that was cut, which can create significant problems.
13 degrees at the bottom of chickens begin to be uncomfortable. Optimum temperature for chicken eggs within a set of 18 - is 20 degrees. Ambient temperature decreases, the body temperature to protect chickens feed more places.
2-Equipment: Used equipment can affect the efficiency of egg-type and convenience. Is used in a variety of feeders and drinkers. More common ones are round and hollow.
The height of the drinker, water level 2.5 cm above the animals' back line will be set. More water in hot weather in animals, taking into account the number of drinkers to meet the maximum water level needs must be.
Term Development Needs and Field Magnification
6 to 18 Week 18 Week After
Yet in the cage. Yet on the ground. Yet in the cage. Yet on the ground.
Distance to 280 cm2 area 10 chicks / m2 400 cm2 6 Chicken / m2
Feeders 5 cm 5 cm 10 cm 7.5 cm distance
2.5 cm 2.5 cm 10 cm 4 Suluk Distance - 5 cm
FEED THE NEED AND DRINKERS
6 to 18 Week 18 Week After
Nippel Suluk nippel 1 / 6 to 8 chicken nippel 1 / 4 to 6 chicken
Round Suluk Suluk 1 / 75 to 80 chicken Suluk 1 / 75 to 80 chicken
Long Manger 5 cm / chicken 7.5 - 8 cm / hen
Round 1 manger Manger / 40 chicken feeders 1 / 25 to 30 chicken
Most businesses are laying very nesting-box-eyed, one-eyed are kept more than nesting-box. If the right eye every 4-to-one chicken egg is the highest yield at the time and location meets the requirements of chickens, even to a large extent it can prevent ovulation.
With so-called single nesting-box usually 60 x 240 cm nesting-box-size hole in the front and back of the one that consists of a trunk and height of 60 cm from the ground is. Each of these is enough for 35 chickens.
3-Lighting: Lights, related to egg production by increasing the activities of some endocrine glands boosts egg production. Duration and intensity of illumination of the egg production in chickens, the kind of maturity age, egg weight, live weight gain, embryo development, sperm quality and fertilization capacity in men has a significant impact on.
Lighting prolongation of the duration, kind of maturity to reach an unwanted situation in poultry is quick. Because they are small in the first eggs, egg yield decreases, have already begun laying back and remove the internal organs out (prolapse); eggs, depending on the weight of them is the little chick and in the future can not grow as needed. To prevent early maturity category of open set out in the winter lighting program should be implemented gradually decreasing. In the spring exit, until you reach maturity category do not have such restrictions.
Density
AGES Day Light Hours Watt / m2 Lux
1-2 Days from 20 to 23 3 to 4 20 to 40
3 to 4 Days 20 3 20 to 30
5-6 Days 19 3 20 to 30
7-14 days 16 - 17 2 10 to 20
15-21 Days 14 - 15 2 10 -20
22-28 Days 13 2 10 to 20
29-35 days 12 1 5 to 10
36 to 42 Days 11 1 5 to 10
43 to 49 Days 10 1 5 to 10
50-98 Days 9 1 5 to 10
99-105 Days 9 3 20 -30
106-112 Days 10 3 20 -30
113-119 Days 11 3 20 to 30
120-126 Days 12 3 20 to 30
127-133 Days 12:30 3 20 to 30
134-168 Day 1 / 2 hours weekly Incrementing 3 20-30
169 after 15 - 16 hours 3 20 to 30
POULTRY CAGE is
Today all commercial eggs grown on the earth takes 65-70% of the 'i is hosted in the cage. Cages, as well as for chicken eggs and chicks are used for chicken. Accordingly, only animals such as chicks or chicks can spend time in their cage, chick, chicken and eggs is possible to spend time in the same cage. In the latter case some of these chicks put in cages and animals grow into empty cages are transferring. Bunda, a set move from the cluster is not much stress is not in question is also to set the idle time is not more than, tster anywhere, whether in cages they enlarged, chicken eggs transferred to cages in this business 16 to 1 weeks to be made between is appropriate.
Doing so, the chickens before the eggs begin to move at the stress on them would be sufficient time was left. Detailed information about the types of cages in shelters are given.
Burning effect of excessive heat, especially in the poultry cages in the open cluster is greater. Because the animal's cage in the body is completely surrounded by hot air, there is no refuge can be a cool place.
Will be allocated to each animal in the cage poultry cage space race and age varies. If the number of animals is necessary if more and more congested;
- Magnification adequate weight gain in the period can not be right.
- Death rate increases.
- Egg yield decreases in the period.
- The eggs are small.
- Egg quality decreases.
- Kannibalizm revealed
- Set internal ventilation problems increases.
In contrast, the more animals are placed in unit area, the animals per investment expenditures and maintenance costs are also the less. Economic unit area as the maximum number of animals that may be, cage size, animal feeders per area, while many of their cage, the application of the lighting program, a set of changes planlanış and heat, depending on factors such as may vary. Cages should be divided into farming areas in the animal head is as follows.
14. weeks' (cm2) 18 weeks'
(cm2) after 18.haftadan
(cm2)
White laying Breeds 232 290 387
Brown laying Breeds 277 355 484
Each animal will be divided into areas other than the cage size is also important. Animals per area without changing the number of animals increases, so grows cages for egg production, egg weight and feed efficiency of changes in chickens although not lay eggs during live weight gains are more than soft-shelled eggs, reduce the number of cases where the rate of cracked eggs is increasing. Research each of the 4 chicken cages big enough to be done in the most economical results given was revealed.
Chicks, chickens CHICKEN AND NUTRITION
Success in farming, high efficiency of the use of animals as well as market conditions are appropriate, good farm management, protection from disease and parasites, such as adequate nutrition, and economic factors are closely related. The higher genetic potential of the herd, regardless, environmental factors creates conditions appropriate care and feeding itself, unless it is impossible to reach the expected level of efficiency. Supply of production to be profitable in terms of the same importance. Because the poultry feed business spending, reaches 70% of all spending. Therefore, a farming profitable for inexpensive but adequate nutrition is essential.
In addition to supply eggs, as well as significantly affect the quality of chicken meat is. The studies, quantity and quality of feed and body weight gain, egg weight, skin and the color of egg yolk, body weight, egg shell quality, egg's vitamins and fatty acids scope, poultry and eggs taste the close relations between exists suggests.
In recent years, great success obtained in poultry feed in the feed industry in the field of inventions and their practice with the chicken feed is transferred to share very important. Indeed, studies conducted at the end l kg. spent feeding 1.8 kg of body weight. 't, l kg. eggs, the amount spent for the 2.1 - 2.2 kg. 'I do not much later.
PROPERTIES OF NUTRITION from chickens ANGLE
According to the digestive system of chickens and other animals in body size and digestive system is less important considering the lack of a microorganism populations in the chicken feed you need to know the features can be summarized as follows.
Feed the chickens in sellülozdan can not benefit. Because the digestive system, it will be parts of cellulose enzyme secretion-embryos. In addition, feed chickens forming part of the raw cellulose lignin, pectin, compounds such as bleaching and kit also can not digest.
To meet the energy requirements of chickens in general places. In other words, until you meet the place, and other nutrients are met and without waiting to fill their stomach to eat cut bait. Contrast level is lower than the energy of the ration, as more open to try to shut down. However, the energy level is very low, the capacity of the animal's digestive system and therefore have limited capacity to eat more to feed on the energy question may off. If the level is too high if the energy of the ration, this time the energy needs of the animals will stop eating food for the early meeting, the receipt of food rations in the other case with no window. To give you a rough value of the energy rations increase or decrease the scope of l% of the 0.8% increase or decrease the feed intake can be said to cause.
Chickens in the sense of taste, a better developed sense of smell but is still limited. However, preference is granted, corn and wheat, barley, oats and rye, an open or bright-colored food, with dark or dull-colored, coarse grinding advice very thin, light, moist prefer to feed dry.
Some toxic substances found in chicken feed is very high sensitivity. For example, in the ration contained soybean trypsin inhibitor fasülıesinde, sorghum or the tanninler, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal in the erucic acid in the goss-pol. Ration of these raw materials be due to rate symptoms in chickens, will create significant efficiency will decrease.
NUTRITIONAL SUBSTANCES REQUIREMENTS
l-Energy Requirements: chicken feed can not benefit from the energy-tamamuı. An amount of fertilizer and energy, a quantity of urine, and still some energy in the energy loss through the extra heat they lose. The remaining energy Geriıe net energy (NE) and is the energy used by chickens.
The energy-protein balance is very important fodder. High-energy food high in protein, low-energy food should be low in protein. Because chickens less than high-energy diets, low-energy diets consumed more than meet the energy needs. For this reason, they can also meet their protein requirements of energy-protein ratio should be in balance.
Reduce the energy consumption increases as the feed ration. Growth in chicks fed low-energy stops feeding, the age of the tank is reduced. The small amount of glycogen stored in the body are used, followed by years and last used as a body of protein and animal dies.
2-Protein Requirements: Proteins consist of amino acids. Amino acids are organic compounds with high molecular weight. That are necessary for them, such as chickens Ruminants sentezleyebilme amino acids are not capable. Especially 13 must be supplied with food aminoa-pee. These are often missing between 2 amino acids in the ration has a privilege to stay because. These are lysine, methionine dir.
15-18% crude protein in chicken eggs should be on rasy. The amount of protein in chickens with a single stomach rather than supply and quality are important. The quality of protein, and amino acid digestibility rate is related to the amount. Optimum level of amino acid requirements can be met more than one protein source in diets for the combination is required.
3 - Mineral Requirements: chicken in every period of their lives in a certain amount of mineral requirements maddeıe hear. These are the most important calcium and phosphorus' dur. Calcium alone is not supplied with phosphorus. Chick and chicken ration-rında usually l% calcium, phosphorus is 0.5%. Hen egg ration is 3-4% of calcium, phosphorus is 0.7-1%.
Calcium deficiency is reduced feed intake, growth regress, basal metabolism increases, activity decreases, rickets is seen, abnormal posture and gait is, life is shorter, reduced egg production and egg shell is viewed as the quality is distorted.
4 - Vitamin Requirements: Vitamins are the essential ingredients necessary for life. Any chemical reactions in living cells to draft one or more of the vitamin is more effective. Vitamins are divided into two groups. These,
a. Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K vitamins)
b. Water-soluble vitamins (B group vitamins and vitamin C) Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver in the body into water-soluble vitamins can not be a significant warehouse.
All vitamins, diets can not be met by the raw materials. Therefore, several companies are issued by the lack premikslerle are met. Vitamin B12 in particular those of animal origin in the feed ration to the animal origin of raw materials always requires participation.
5-Oil Requirement: 2.5 times more energy from carbohydrates and proteins that contain oils, only egg broiler chicken rations, not for certain proportions rasyonlanna participate.
This is because the concentrated energy source that as well, to prevent dust you, swear to the taste and appearance improvements, pe-letlemeye assistance, food machines lubricated with a natural way as to prevent wear, essential fatty acids to supply and fat-soluble vitamins are carrying.
6-Water Requirements: Water in the body will engage in conduct olaıın many metabolites. Of nutrients and metabolites in all cells of the body moving and disposing of waste materials from the cells that make blood, and intracellular fluid between cells is the basic material.
The amount of total body water; chicks during 70% during 55% of adult and blood plasma 90% is. 60% of the egg 's water and an egg from the body 38 gr. water is removed.
Tükettişi a chicken 100 gr. 200 for food. containing water. Hot this rate 250-300. 'Eat out. Normal water consumption will reduce the 20% reduction in feed intake.
Chicks NUTRITION
After laying out the first 6 weeks of hatching eggs chicks are fed with feed. Energy level is high protein feed and chicks. The reason for this rapid growth period during which chicks for growth is to ensure the adequate nutrients. During this period, at least 20% protein ration of 2800 kcal. / Kg. metabolic energy must contain.
In the form of fine food to feed chicks should be eating. Pe-let should be given to the feed to be broken or crushed. To be broken up pellets coarse, fine oath have been more finely ground is also objectionable. Thin feed chicks by the yapıştışı enough to bill can not be consumed.
Into place before hatching at a rate of 3-5% water containing sugar should be prepared and filled with drinkers. Before eating animals that feed should be provided drinking water, sweetened water for the purpose of disposing of waste materials and empty egg barsaklardaki novel by giving energy to the chick is to increase resistance. Chicks given the first day of the second end of the day is not sweetened water is poured, sugar creates a suitable environment for microbial activity for the drinkers and thoroughly washed with clean water is filled. Chick from the 2-3 hours after drinking the juice, this sweet feed is given.
