1.Introduction
October, in a certain amount of seed for the formation of a new plant
with a uniform distribution of the prepared seed bed, the desired
be buried at depth, is the process of closure.
The success of October, during the distribution of plants and planting on
Besides the depth of the monotony, fields sprouting output
are also connected to the degree of (Önal, 1987a).
October machinery, seeds, and to comply with requests agroteknik
biological material at least on the injury process October
be able to do (and Gürhan Citizen, 1992).
Precision sowing machines, the same range during the one-seed
are attached to one machine. Precision sowing machines, required tohumların
living area, ideal to try to approach. This feature
The order of these machines on the range, precision as
is due to set (Milling, 1991 a).
October machines in general are sensitive to mechanical and pneumatic
can be classified. Precision sowing machines other planting
sorting machine according to the rule as follows: A
• lack of consumption of seeds by sowing Şeritvari
• Field sprouting in the rule output degrees
• to provide an ideal area close to life
• using good quality seed can be made of thin October.
Whether mechanical, or pneumatic operation is an appropriate planting, seed disc
by the plate of seeds or seed to the ground without a space
equal distance and the desired depth of planting in the relatively
and at the same time compressed into a moist seed bed
earth is provided by the enormity granules.
Pneumatic precision in use since October of old machines
According to the more expensive mechanical precision sowing machines, even though they're
high operating speed is suitable for use in
and various other seeds advanced countries because of the caliber common
is used as.
2. SENSITIVE EKİCİ SYSTEMS
Operation between the rows of seeds in October and on a regular
the distribution, in the success of the planter system
It is important (and Gürhan Citizen, 1992).
Field distribution in a plant yeknesak a good preparation in the field
and correct operation requires a planting. October is an appropriate process, seeds
seed by seed disc or plate without the spaces
equal to the desired depth of soil cultivation and the relative distance
leaving the seed bed moist compressed and
over the earth with a certain grain stoutness meydana
income. Weather and field conditions can benefit from appropriate time
is also desirable for high-speed operation.
Figure 1 Egypt in the operating speed of sowing machines work
The relationship between success (4 sequential precision sowing machine business
width of 3 m, 150 m length plots) (Önal, 1987).
Orientation on mechanical precision sowing machines
research (7, 8, 45, 73, 127) to increase the pace
in (> 5 km / h), the seed of seeds found on the disc or plate
slot filling factor of the reduction, damage tohumların
rate increase in October due to drift in and drawn
revealed that sensitivity was reduced.
Seeds from the seed box to the left in the drawn four-phase consists of
income.
• stuffed with seeds of the seed slot
• Seeds of nest departure
• Seed-slot between the decrease in seed beds
• Seeds in bed (drawn in) the operation of the seed
In the last stage in the movement of seeds in the seed bed, drawn shape and
by one of its effective pressure.
October characteristics of the systems lab, and field precision planter
is determined by experiment. Cultivator systems in laboratory conditions
smoothness on the order of distribution of seeds, adhesive tape layout
is determined by using the.
Adhesive tape test of the seed distribution diagram obtained by
We can evaluate the results in phase 3 (Figure 2).
Figure 2 Adhesive tape obtained from the experiments of sowing distance
distribution diagram
I. Distributions: An for planting distance (Z) around the symmetrical
distribution is available. Main distribution curve at a rate of orthogonality memorial
October will reduce deviations from the distance.
II. Distribution: All seed slots not filled seeds and
follow each other (Z) sowing seeds in the distance, drawn to the
does not fall between two seeds (2Z)-long gaps
occurs. Gaps in the performance of sowing machines and fields sprout
output depending on the degree of 2Z, 3Z, 4Z ,...., worth NZ
might. On the machine speed and space, the formation of seed
disc or plate around the seed rate is effective.
III. Distribution: The distribution of the starting point (zero
port) from some multiple of the slot in the plate
ikizlenme seed to be caught (Onal, 1987 a).
TS 6424 (Anonymous, 1989) and ISO 7256 / 1 (Anonymous, 1984)
According to standard <0.5Z ikizlenme,> 1.5Z rate as the space
are given. Ideal life in the field of seeds İkizlenme negative
to influence the direction. Space refers to the fallow fields
(0,5-1,5) Z is the higher seed spacing planter system
creates a better distribution of seed to be on the order
Kabul in October accepted seed edilir.Hassas range (0,5-1,5 Z)
80% on space and ikizlenmenin under 10'nun%
are required to have (Önal, 1987 a).
Laboratory conditions, the seeds obtained by adhesive tape test
smoothness of the distribution of machine vibration, speed, seed
drop height, and roll and drift to the drawn profile
effects due to better results in terms of fields.
Fertility and Özmerzi, 1994 and the adhesive work
deviation test for the band obtained in the fields of
less than the value found. The reason for this, the seed of the
drawn to wallow in, the surplus of sowing depth, soil
structure, and mechanical activity, such as seed quality factors, effective
olmuştur. Figure 3 seed in the fields and distribution labaratuvarda
we can see.
Figure 3 Field and smoothness of the distribution of seeds labaratuvarda
change (fertility and Özmerzi, 1994).
Effective factors on the seed distribution in place it
We can sort şöylece.
• Seed and the plate around the speed of the disc
• The location of the seed slot
• Machine speed
• Ekici system pressure
• Dane atım frequency
• October range
One grain with (precision) between October can be a planter in the edit
Here are the main features.
a) Ekici ikizlenme space and do not edit. However,
within certain limits and space allowed in October ikizlenmeye
can be given. For example, 10% in Egypt ikizlenmeye October and 10%
spaces are allowed.
b) Ekici layouts without calibrated seeds (of categories)
to additional opportunities should be provided. But today the planter
layouts (except for run on pneumatic principles) generally
The show needs to be calibrated to seed. This is done
If sensitivity is reduced in October.
c) Ekici organized as possible in height than the seed falls
should be. This is especially the case in October of small and light seeds
It is more important.
d) must not damage seeds Ekici layouts. Damage seed value
which regulates high planter, sprouting out field degree
to fall and cause loss of seed. Fragile, such as peanut
The seeds are highly regulated at the injury to be added
It is not possible.
e) Ekici layouts in high-speed ikizlenme, space
satisfactory and without damage, should be able to work.
Proposed layouts and claw cultivator usually work with
speed is above the value of working in ikizlenme
while, according to the principles of vacuum-plated with mechanical planter layouts
The progress of the machine is running pneumatic planter speed edit
As the gap is increased more.
f) Ekici organized in the adhesive tape to form the labaratuvarda
yeknesak seed distribution should be. But planting distance Z
is (0,5-1,5) Z range is higher, level of planter
creates a better distribution of seed to be on the order
accepted.
2.1. Mechanical Precision Ekici Systems
2.1.1. Perforated Rubber Band with Fine Ekici Systems
This type of planter system, perforated rubber band by a cylinder
is returned. A second roller with the band between
the remaining seeds into the hole on the tape, the output of your mouth
are drawn to. (Religions and Karaaslan, 1974). Figure 4
perforated rubber band is seen planter system.
Figure 4 Perforated rubber band planter system (Tozan et al., 1990).
2.1.1.1. Perforated Rubber Band with Fine Ekici SistemlerinKonstrüksiyon Basics
Hole in the rubber-band precision sowing machines, suitable for planting distance
punched tape, or in selecting a certain number of holes in the tank, it's
found in the number of holes will occur in October of the following distance
must know the basic relationship to be described.
Band with a sowing machine (m) are made seed sowing distance t
(s) when drawn into the unit will be discarded seeds. T in this case the
the road;
s = a.i (m) and t = can be written. V = Machine speed (m / s)
Rubber band at the same time t i at each hole to fill and empty seeds
is difficult. Distance between holes in a band (m), band pulley
environmental speed (m / s) is received:
t = can be written. Band around the drum speed V =
V = tape around the drum speed (m / sec)
Belt pulley radius r = (m)
return n = number of pulley Band (d / a)
t = was writing instead of V = yi if
t = => t = can be written.
t = and t = equality by taking into account
= => V = bulunur. V: The machine speed
V = the formula instead of the formula V are the authors;
V = happens.
In October to keep the space at least level seed
band of the linear speed of 0.3 m / sec is below
is required. To increase the speed of the machine in October at a rate of
band around the speed is increased, with a general statement of this type
As the pace increased sowing machines on the seed during
distribution can be said to reduce the monotony. Band
In a planting machine, such as seeds fall height 2.5 cm lower
is a value.
2.1.2. Systems with Positioning Kaşıkcıklı Ekici Slant
System in a frame rotating together, and the other kaşıkcıklı
division consists of a wheel. On the side of a channel
beslenen seeds, kaşıkcıklı wheel compartment will fall.
The seeds are moved up into the wheel. A certain
the seeds at a height of more than one rising kaşıkcıkla
drops. Occur due to oblique position of the system with planter seeds
By moving down, the output drawn from the mouth to the
will fall (Gökçebay, 1986). Figure 5 with a curved position
kaşıkcıklı mechanical planter system can be seen.
Figure 5 With curved position kaşıkcıklı mechanical planter system (Önal, 1987
a).
2.1.3. Horizontal Position with External Systems Kertikli Precision Ekici
Edge segments (kertikli) on a plate
blenders, by moving the edges of the seeds
cavities (the cells) allows you to enter. Printing springs
into cells by suppression of seeds, it's a glance
outside the cell into the cell with only a scrape seeds
seeds are given to single out the mouth hole. Seeds a
is reduced by driving down the hole (Religion and
Karaaslan, 1974). Figure 6 with a horizontal position outside kertikli mechanical
cultivator site can be seen.
Figure 6 With a horizontal position outside kertikli planter system.
2.1.3.1. Location with Horizontal and Slant Construction Principles of Seed plates Edit Precision Ekici
Horizontal and oblique position with a precision seed planter plates arranged in October
The following formula is used for distance calculations.
Z =
In the formula, Z = October range
D = diameter wheels in the machine in October (cm)
i = transmission ratio (i = np / nt)
np = number of back plate (d / a)
nt = number of dönü Teker (d / a)
n = number of holes in horizontal and inclined plates
Curved plate and the horizontal holes Kaşıkcıklı seed
plate was calibrated with a successful seed planting, but with
be provided. The length of the plate, the width and depth measurements every
levels are determined by calibration.
Fig 7th Horizontal holes in the plate hole sizes.
Round on top of perforated holes in the horizontal seed plate
usually opens countersink.
Seeds non-referral schemes horizontal and slant-hole high düşülü
edited to increase the monotony of the cultivation planter plates
The use of appropriate seed pipe dream seeds to orbit
is required.
2.1.4. Precision Mechanical Seed Diskli Ekici Systems Vertical
Internal feeding types, one small-scale spontaneous returns socket
the outside diameter larger than the other wheels with grooved wheel
are available. The inner socket wheel, with the rate of low environmental
to return, full of seeds to slots. Seeds of the disc
in return, but corrugated outer disk is full. Gutter and
way to eliminate the effect of centrifugal forces
seeds direction, drawn at regular intervals to leave.
Fig 8th Internal feed system with a mechanical planter (Gökçebay, 1986).
External feeding types; vertical position of the seed disk storage
be fed from within, to fill slots are rounded to the seeds.
To return the disc, the effect of driving to drawing with seeds
is left. Figure 9 mechanical planter system with external feed
is seen (Gökçebay, 1986).
Fig 9th Mechanical planter outside feeding system (Gökçebay, 1986).
2.1.4.1. Construction of Precision Mechanics Diskli Ekici Tohum Vertical Systems Principles
Mechanical precision with vertical seed planter disk sets available work
are collected in two main groups in terms of principles. Long
The seeds are used externally feeding though the discs,
recently, especially for coated sugar beet seeds
that are developed internally feeding (Fig. 10).
Fig 10th Internal (left) and external (right) seed-feeding
discs.
Both before going to compare disk sowing seeds
machine speed (V) and the seeds around the speed of the disc (V)
the interest must be put in place.
V = seed discs around speed (m / s)
V = October, progress of the machine speed (m / s)
n = number of seeds into the disc (d / a)
R = seed disc diameter (m)
a = number of slots in the seed disc
b = the distance between the slots in the disk seed (m)
z = An as if the planting distance
V = ....................( 1)
V = ....................( 2) and a = of
V = .................( 3) can be written. V and V equations
rates are
= ...........................( 4) relationship is obtained.
Operating speed of the analysis of V 4 no'lu equality
in order to increase the speed V and z is an environment for the seed discs
increasing distance, or the seed sowing on the disc slot
Increasing the number of (double during the hole when necessary
be placed) should be understood. Field germinate output warranty
want to be, the October increase distance every time
It is not possible. The slot filling factor to decrease Insemination
condition to be able to do the planting of high operating speed
current path around the seed disk speed (V)
to increase the distance between holes in the disc or seed
(b) In other words the reduction in the number of holes
There are increasing options.
Fig 11th Seed and seed plate disk space environment to speed
effect.
Figure 11 and the seed disk speed seeds around the plate
to space (where the grain-free seed percentage) has been given effect.
To be seen from Figure 0.25 m / s up to speed on the environment
spaces in the seed disc mechanical external-feeding rapidly
while, internally feeding type 2 m / s disk to speed up the environment
very low levels to watch in space. Because the seed
The centrifugal force created during rotation of the disc both
effects of different types of seed from doing. Centrifugal force içten
germ cells to facilitate filling of the seeds feed
While the effects of external feeding the seeds of the cell contrast
power makes the stuffing.
Tohum disk speed from inside the environment by feeding
the pace of seed cells can be increased from the opposite direction
and the same value to be turned down to a speed
provides. (V = V). As a result, at the speed of seed components zero
drawn as the vertical fall, and roll in the seeds of the drawn
in order to be dragged at least.
The current external-feeding with mechanical precision planter planting scheme
machine speed V in V velocity around the seed disc
Are 13.4 times more for 6th .. (Chart 1).
1st Schedule Mechanical precision sowing seed disc vertical external-feeding
machines
operating speed (V) and the disk around the speed (V) between
relations (Önal, 1995).
The space and layout of the planter precision sowing machines ikizlenme
a reasonable level in order to make space and ikizlenme
a compromise between the point values must be determined.
1) Single-line spacing on the wheel socket
2) Two-line wheel-socket space
3) Two-wheel in-line socket ikizlenme
A) Reconciliation point
Fig 12th Compromise between space and value ikizlenme
provision.
Be seen in the figure of a vertical seed around on the speed of the disc
determined depending on space and cutting curves ikizlenme
point in the A, reconciliation (Kompromis) is the point. A compromise
at the speed of the seed disk around 15 cm / s, space and ikizlenme
values is 3%.
Speed the progress of the machine in October, so the vertical seed
to increase the speed of the disc around the space in October at a rate of
To avoid more Another solution
order to use the double-disc seed holes.
Separated from the seed disc and hit the vertical drawn until a seed
exposure to harmful factors in the team.
These are:
a) to leave the seed slot to slide the phase: the young and
seeds from the seed disc early in the free-standing slots will be reserved.
Due to the enormity seed disk slot seeds in the crowded stands
In the past, but the effect of driving seed begins to fall.
Delays in the seeds separated from the seeds of the seed slot
is the first cause of deviation from the target. Time to start declining in the
phase of the seed planter to order different from the scroll to the earth in orbit
is caused to fall. Calibrated or coated seed
or by selecting the appropriate hole size of this error source
can be largely eliminated.
b) seeds of different shapes and sizes of driving to the seeds
Impuls give different levels. In addition, the planting machine
During the progress of the vibration to increase effects Impuls
causes.
c) Insemination cause of the error sources identified by the target a
The seeds of resistance against the air show is another.
Gösterdiği upwind of the continuous sections of seeds
to change, to change seeds of the curved flow trajectory that
causes deviation from the target is. Drop height
deviations from the target increases the rate of surplus. Sugar coated
with a tolerance of ± 5 mm from the target beet deviation of surplus
is shown.
Fig 13th Sugar beet planting in the fall height from the target
to aberration effects.
Be seen in the figure, the vertical disc low sowing machine
progress at the speed (0.75 m / s) work and the seeds fall in
height 15 mm, despite receiving nearly a third of the seeds
fall outside of the goal of tolerance is ± 5mm. Today's
tohumların in October to the technical facilities drawn to deviations from target
yet put in place a solution that prevents it is absolute, 5-6 cm
range of ± 10 mm in October; 20 cm planting distance in the range ± 2.5 cm
tolerance is known to wander away from the goal of seeds.
Except for the error caused by Ekici layout, drawn at tohumların
bounce, roll and drift from the target to result in
deviations have been more.
2.2. Ekici Precision Pneumatic Systems
This type of planter system, is absorbed by air currents or seeds
cultivator of the air by pressing on sensitive yönlendirilir.Pnömatik
According to the sequence differences may like mechanical planter.
• Seeds attached to the calibrated,
• Pallets are (global monogerm) of seeds can be added,
• Ekici system without changing the order on the wide range of sowing
can be made,
• of different seeds (corn, sunflower, beans, beets, peas
etc..) can be added (Gökçebay, 1986).
According to the working principle of pneumatic systems, vacuum and precision planter
can be classified as a type of pressure.
Fig 14th Pneumatic sowing machine
2.2.1. Precision Pneumatic Vacuum Type Ekici Systems
In this system, seed store where the disc enters into the disk of
There is continuous vacuum and the seeds fall by the disc
by the holes are on hold. Machines at the wheel
disk space when moving, hold the seeds in the hole, atmosphere
press will encounter. Vacuum effect the closure of the seed
drawn to the falls (Milling, 1991 a).
Seed disc box hole absorbed in the existing vacuum seed
more than the seeds, bark, and again by one
seed drop box will be provided. Figure 15 the type of vacuum
pneumatic planter system is seen.
Figure 15 Vacuum type pneumatic planter system.
2.2.2. Precision Pneumatic Pressure Type Ekici Systems
Ekici system within a frame, the cone from the disc slot
occurs. The first disc into the slot of seeds to fill
seeds are rounded dollars. Slot seeds to more than one entrant,
pressure air in front of the breast, with the effect of air pressure
is one. With the help of the remaining seeds in the frame slot by moving a
by driving out of your mouth is drawn to the left (Gökçebay,
1986). Figure 16 the type of pressure system, pneumatic planter
can be seen.
Fig 16th Pressure type pneumatic planter system (Irla, 1974).
2.2.3. Construction of Precision Pneumatic Systems Principles Ekici
According to the selection of sensitive products in the machines during the period October
should always keep in mind. For example, grain
sensitive method of seed sowing machine perfusion in October to October
To provide a living space than during yeknesak
range should be 10 cm or below. Dar order
October to consider in the range of the precision sowing machines
The construction of at least 25 cm or more during October in the range
do differ.
The above reasons, the anchor of plant seeds in October
run on pneumatic principles used in the October sowing machine
cultivator or disk layouts using plates with holes, while narrow
included in the range of the grain seed planter for the cylindrical holes
regulates the quality of sowing;
a) around the plate Ekici speed (V),
b) Ekici plate holes in the seed and seed referring to the speed of
synchronize the velocity of the body plate (the paddle wheel) whether
not available
c) Vacuum pressure (pm bar) is effective.
Fig 17th According to the principles of working with a pneumatic vacuum seed planter disc
order
A) Principle scheme of the vertical seed disk working vacuum
around the disc at the speed of pneumatic precision sowing machine of the (V),
hole of 0.5 m / s disk speed up to around 90-95% because the
changing rate of the disc around a single grain capture speed 0.8 m / s
in the case for increased 75% in 1500 mbar vacuum for
in value is. Figure 0.5 and 0.8 as seen 18'de m / s
around 7.5 and 12 respectively of the disc speed km / h machine progress
It can be read as equivalent to the speed.
Fig 18th Working with pneumatic vacuum seed planter disk in order
plate speed (V), the machine speed (V) and vacuum pressure
single grain capture rate (TDYD) effects (with the seed corn)
• Seed weight of G (G = m.g),
• Centrifugal force (F = m.w ². R = m =, V: speed of around license plate
(m / s)
• friction force between the plates Insemination (kp)
P = .................( 1)
In the formula;
d = hole diameter (cm)
P = the force pushing on the plates of seeds (kp)
Steel plate friction coefficient between M = Insemination (M = 0.38)
may be taken.
• Seeds are captured by the hole and its V velocity
the inertia forces created during the gain (F)
F = ............( 2)
The formula for the A; hole capture time seed. (m / s)
Inertia force; hole (of seeds) is moving the opposite direction.
• license plate captured by the hole and seed mass in a
From time to seed dragged their resistance to the other seeds.
Perforated seeds, the paddle wheel mounted to the plate in the case, bin
grain weight, even more seeds in one grain of hole capture
rates rise and 1 m / s at the speed of the plate around guaranteed
a single grain capture rate can be provided. This is because,
the paddle wheel, to give impetus to the seed hole to catch him, the main
taking the direction of the hole should seed mass. Vacuum
According to the working principle of pneumatic precision sowing machines
(for Egypt) operating pressure (vacuum) value as a SS 900 mm (88
mbar) values are given.
Plate hole diameter of 1.17 mm, 100 mbar vacuum pressure (1020
kp / sqm) on the P absorption power P = 1 no'lu formula as 2.31 g
will be found. However, in practice seeds, fully closed hole,
calculated for the absorption of forces will be quite small. This
Therefore, the calculation method described above with the
value, rather than the real value of the minimum pressure required a rough
the estimate should be used.
Tohum always full of holes to be absorbed over the hole that
It is not. Away from the hole openings in the suction force
largest decrease is observed. Because the distance from the hole
is proportional to the square of the air speed is reduced.
Hole in a radial direction as air flows all, flow
line a half-sphere surface of the envelope is formed. Half
sphere with the radius of the grain determines the distance between the holes.
Air speed at a distance r from the hole in the VR
Vr = ........................ (3)
A = 4.π.r ² .....................( 4)
V = π.r ². VR ..................( 5)
The air speed by Eck'e hole (VR) value
Vrї = α. dir. ............................ (6)
4 and 6 in equation 3 no'lu no'lu equations using
Vr = ........................ (7) and
Vr =; r> 0 ..................... (8) are obtained.
In the formula;
V = flow rate of air flowing from the hole (m³ / s)
A = the sphere area (m²)
R distance from the hole in the air velocity vr = (m / s)
R distance from the hole in the air velocity vr = (m / s)
r = distance from hole (m)
r = Hole radius (m)
α = Flow coefficient (1,4-1,7 mm diameter hole in the α = 0.7
is taken.)
= 20 ° C for air mbar'da 1.14 kp / m³ 'roll.
A = Vacuum pressure (kgf / m²)
100 mbar vacuum pressure (= 1020 kgf / m²) and the 1.7 mm hole diameter
r distance from the hole in the air speed;
Vr = 33.46. (m / s) according to the formula hesaplanabilir.Formülün
r = 0.85 mm is taken to remove, where r is in mm
should be used.
The advantage of the holes 6 no'lu equality (r = 0) the air speed of 92.7
m / s as will be found. Schedule 2, the hole away from the air
What is a drop in speed is very fast. (r
) 0 values for the VR, 8 no'lu was calculated with the formula.
2nd Schedule 1.7 mm hole diameter and the hole in the vacuum pressure from the
distance (r) depending on the change in air speed.
Wheat grain in the critical air flow speed 8.8 m / s'dir.
In this case according to schedule 2 for 100 mbar vacuum
2 mm away from the hole in the pressure of the grain planter, an organ
be absorbed by it is not possible. Therefore, in order planter
guaranteed to be as understanding of the grain in the hole, the seed of the
holes to take measures to ensure the correct direction to be
is required.
Perforated plates for pneumatic precision sowing machines high (12
km / h'a up) to work or holes in the pace
paddle wheel is placed to the plate, or a simple
The number of the holes on the seed plate construction
is increased. Wing is reinforced with the barrel of the plate hole
around the speed of 1 m / s up to the value it is possible to remove. Vacuum
organized according to the working principle of pneumatic precision planter seconds
25 is the maximum possible seed. Buda precision planting of this type
machine maximum 12 km / h at the speed of progress
means they can work.
12 km / h high speed in a vacuum, according to the principles
employees of the single grain capture rate planter edit (single grain
catch rate (TDYO) = total number of seed-seed-free, and one place
where more than the number of seeds)% 90'nın is over.
However, the cribriform plate around seed rate, seed
drop height, the type of buried bodies on foot, and drawn off
influential factors such as seed placement due to the drawn 7-8
km / h at the speed of further progress can not run on. This
therefore, today's research into the drawing of a proper seed
to find measures to ensure the placement
are routed.
Perforated plates or disk with a precision pneumatic planter with planting schemes
to be able to create space for the planting machine business
value falls below a certain pressure to limit
is required. For example, pressurized air for the principle seed corn
600-900 mm in the working precision sowing machines SS (55-88
mbar) 'do not fall in gold is necessary.
Fig 19th Perforated cylindrical pneumatic precision planter layout
The hair is made of 2 mm thick 204 mm wide
cylinder (a) has been drilling holes in the order around. Each
There are 60 holes in order. Seed box (c) from a seed
is confusing and to (d) on the cylinder through
holes are routed. Since half of the cylinder height
90 º cylinder around knocking around a body part
(b), the hole allows more than one seed to fall back into the box.
After knocking on the path to the ongoing seed, sub-point
closer to the inside of the cylinder a rubber customized help
The roller (e) hole into the vacuum drawn to eliminate
drops.
Cylinder diameter of the holes on the size of the smallest grain
is limited to. Seed at a rate of reduction of the hole diameter
hole is needed to keep the vacuum pressure increases. So
diameter hole with a compromise between the vacuum pressure (kompromis)
point must be. Testing of cereal seeds
1.7 mm diameter hole for the show should be.
Will be essential to the construction of cylindrical holes level precision planter
values can be given by taking into account the following phases.
1) grasp of the grain through the hole of the vacuum
2) Seed is the only
3) Dane out of the hole to
4) Dane drawn between the movement of the hole
October, in a certain amount of seed for the formation of a new plant
with a uniform distribution of the prepared seed bed, the desired
be buried at depth, is the process of closure.
The success of October, during the distribution of plants and planting on
Besides the depth of the monotony, fields sprouting output
are also connected to the degree of (Önal, 1987a).
October machinery, seeds, and to comply with requests agroteknik
biological material at least on the injury process October
be able to do (and Gürhan Citizen, 1992).
Precision sowing machines, the same range during the one-seed
are attached to one machine. Precision sowing machines, required tohumların
living area, ideal to try to approach. This feature
The order of these machines on the range, precision as
is due to set (Milling, 1991 a).
October machines in general are sensitive to mechanical and pneumatic
can be classified. Precision sowing machines other planting
sorting machine according to the rule as follows: A
• lack of consumption of seeds by sowing Şeritvari
• Field sprouting in the rule output degrees
• to provide an ideal area close to life
• using good quality seed can be made of thin October.
Whether mechanical, or pneumatic operation is an appropriate planting, seed disc
by the plate of seeds or seed to the ground without a space
equal distance and the desired depth of planting in the relatively
and at the same time compressed into a moist seed bed
earth is provided by the enormity granules.
Pneumatic precision in use since October of old machines
According to the more expensive mechanical precision sowing machines, even though they're
high operating speed is suitable for use in
and various other seeds advanced countries because of the caliber common
is used as.
2. SENSITIVE EKİCİ SYSTEMS
Operation between the rows of seeds in October and on a regular
the distribution, in the success of the planter system
It is important (and Gürhan Citizen, 1992).
Field distribution in a plant yeknesak a good preparation in the field
and correct operation requires a planting. October is an appropriate process, seeds
seed by seed disc or plate without the spaces
equal to the desired depth of soil cultivation and the relative distance
leaving the seed bed moist compressed and
over the earth with a certain grain stoutness meydana
income. Weather and field conditions can benefit from appropriate time
is also desirable for high-speed operation.
Figure 1 Egypt in the operating speed of sowing machines work
The relationship between success (4 sequential precision sowing machine business
width of 3 m, 150 m length plots) (Önal, 1987).
Orientation on mechanical precision sowing machines
research (7, 8, 45, 73, 127) to increase the pace
in (> 5 km / h), the seed of seeds found on the disc or plate
slot filling factor of the reduction, damage tohumların
rate increase in October due to drift in and drawn
revealed that sensitivity was reduced.
Seeds from the seed box to the left in the drawn four-phase consists of
income.
• stuffed with seeds of the seed slot
• Seeds of nest departure
• Seed-slot between the decrease in seed beds
• Seeds in bed (drawn in) the operation of the seed
In the last stage in the movement of seeds in the seed bed, drawn shape and
by one of its effective pressure.
October characteristics of the systems lab, and field precision planter
is determined by experiment. Cultivator systems in laboratory conditions
smoothness on the order of distribution of seeds, adhesive tape layout
is determined by using the.
Adhesive tape test of the seed distribution diagram obtained by
We can evaluate the results in phase 3 (Figure 2).
Figure 2 Adhesive tape obtained from the experiments of sowing distance
distribution diagram
I. Distributions: An for planting distance (Z) around the symmetrical
distribution is available. Main distribution curve at a rate of orthogonality memorial
October will reduce deviations from the distance.
II. Distribution: All seed slots not filled seeds and
follow each other (Z) sowing seeds in the distance, drawn to the
does not fall between two seeds (2Z)-long gaps
occurs. Gaps in the performance of sowing machines and fields sprout
output depending on the degree of 2Z, 3Z, 4Z ,...., worth NZ
might. On the machine speed and space, the formation of seed
disc or plate around the seed rate is effective.
III. Distribution: The distribution of the starting point (zero
port) from some multiple of the slot in the plate
ikizlenme seed to be caught (Onal, 1987 a).
TS 6424 (Anonymous, 1989) and ISO 7256 / 1 (Anonymous, 1984)
According to standard <0.5Z ikizlenme,> 1.5Z rate as the space
are given. Ideal life in the field of seeds İkizlenme negative
to influence the direction. Space refers to the fallow fields
(0,5-1,5) Z is the higher seed spacing planter system
creates a better distribution of seed to be on the order
Kabul in October accepted seed edilir.Hassas range (0,5-1,5 Z)
80% on space and ikizlenmenin under 10'nun%
are required to have (Önal, 1987 a).
Laboratory conditions, the seeds obtained by adhesive tape test
smoothness of the distribution of machine vibration, speed, seed
drop height, and roll and drift to the drawn profile
effects due to better results in terms of fields.
Fertility and Özmerzi, 1994 and the adhesive work
deviation test for the band obtained in the fields of
less than the value found. The reason for this, the seed of the
drawn to wallow in, the surplus of sowing depth, soil
structure, and mechanical activity, such as seed quality factors, effective
olmuştur. Figure 3 seed in the fields and distribution labaratuvarda
we can see.
Figure 3 Field and smoothness of the distribution of seeds labaratuvarda
change (fertility and Özmerzi, 1994).
Effective factors on the seed distribution in place it
We can sort şöylece.
• Seed and the plate around the speed of the disc
• The location of the seed slot
• Machine speed
• Ekici system pressure
• Dane atım frequency
• October range
One grain with (precision) between October can be a planter in the edit
Here are the main features.
a) Ekici ikizlenme space and do not edit. However,
within certain limits and space allowed in October ikizlenmeye
can be given. For example, 10% in Egypt ikizlenmeye October and 10%
spaces are allowed.
b) Ekici layouts without calibrated seeds (of categories)
to additional opportunities should be provided. But today the planter
layouts (except for run on pneumatic principles) generally
The show needs to be calibrated to seed. This is done
If sensitivity is reduced in October.
c) Ekici organized as possible in height than the seed falls
should be. This is especially the case in October of small and light seeds
It is more important.
d) must not damage seeds Ekici layouts. Damage seed value
which regulates high planter, sprouting out field degree
to fall and cause loss of seed. Fragile, such as peanut
The seeds are highly regulated at the injury to be added
It is not possible.
e) Ekici layouts in high-speed ikizlenme, space
satisfactory and without damage, should be able to work.
Proposed layouts and claw cultivator usually work with
speed is above the value of working in ikizlenme
while, according to the principles of vacuum-plated with mechanical planter layouts
The progress of the machine is running pneumatic planter speed edit
As the gap is increased more.
f) Ekici organized in the adhesive tape to form the labaratuvarda
yeknesak seed distribution should be. But planting distance Z
is (0,5-1,5) Z range is higher, level of planter
creates a better distribution of seed to be on the order
accepted.
2.1. Mechanical Precision Ekici Systems
2.1.1. Perforated Rubber Band with Fine Ekici Systems
This type of planter system, perforated rubber band by a cylinder
is returned. A second roller with the band between
the remaining seeds into the hole on the tape, the output of your mouth
are drawn to. (Religions and Karaaslan, 1974). Figure 4
perforated rubber band is seen planter system.
Figure 4 Perforated rubber band planter system (Tozan et al., 1990).
2.1.1.1. Perforated Rubber Band with Fine Ekici SistemlerinKonstrüksiyon Basics
Hole in the rubber-band precision sowing machines, suitable for planting distance
punched tape, or in selecting a certain number of holes in the tank, it's
found in the number of holes will occur in October of the following distance
must know the basic relationship to be described.
Band with a sowing machine (m) are made seed sowing distance t
(s) when drawn into the unit will be discarded seeds. T in this case the
the road;
s = a.i (m) and t = can be written. V = Machine speed (m / s)
Rubber band at the same time t i at each hole to fill and empty seeds
is difficult. Distance between holes in a band (m), band pulley
environmental speed (m / s) is received:
t = can be written. Band around the drum speed V =
V = tape around the drum speed (m / sec)
Belt pulley radius r = (m)
return n = number of pulley Band (d / a)
t = was writing instead of V = yi if
t = => t = can be written.
t = and t = equality by taking into account
= => V = bulunur. V: The machine speed
V = the formula instead of the formula V are the authors;
V = happens.
In October to keep the space at least level seed
band of the linear speed of 0.3 m / sec is below
is required. To increase the speed of the machine in October at a rate of
band around the speed is increased, with a general statement of this type
As the pace increased sowing machines on the seed during
distribution can be said to reduce the monotony. Band
In a planting machine, such as seeds fall height 2.5 cm lower
is a value.
2.1.2. Systems with Positioning Kaşıkcıklı Ekici Slant
System in a frame rotating together, and the other kaşıkcıklı
division consists of a wheel. On the side of a channel
beslenen seeds, kaşıkcıklı wheel compartment will fall.
The seeds are moved up into the wheel. A certain
the seeds at a height of more than one rising kaşıkcıkla
drops. Occur due to oblique position of the system with planter seeds
By moving down, the output drawn from the mouth to the
will fall (Gökçebay, 1986). Figure 5 with a curved position
kaşıkcıklı mechanical planter system can be seen.
Figure 5 With curved position kaşıkcıklı mechanical planter system (Önal, 1987
a).
2.1.3. Horizontal Position with External Systems Kertikli Precision Ekici
Edge segments (kertikli) on a plate
blenders, by moving the edges of the seeds
cavities (the cells) allows you to enter. Printing springs
into cells by suppression of seeds, it's a glance
outside the cell into the cell with only a scrape seeds
seeds are given to single out the mouth hole. Seeds a
is reduced by driving down the hole (Religion and
Karaaslan, 1974). Figure 6 with a horizontal position outside kertikli mechanical
cultivator site can be seen.
Figure 6 With a horizontal position outside kertikli planter system.
2.1.3.1. Location with Horizontal and Slant Construction Principles of Seed plates Edit Precision Ekici
Horizontal and oblique position with a precision seed planter plates arranged in October
The following formula is used for distance calculations.
Z =
In the formula, Z = October range
D = diameter wheels in the machine in October (cm)
i = transmission ratio (i = np / nt)
np = number of back plate (d / a)
nt = number of dönü Teker (d / a)
n = number of holes in horizontal and inclined plates
Curved plate and the horizontal holes Kaşıkcıklı seed
plate was calibrated with a successful seed planting, but with
be provided. The length of the plate, the width and depth measurements every
levels are determined by calibration.
Fig 7th Horizontal holes in the plate hole sizes.
Round on top of perforated holes in the horizontal seed plate
usually opens countersink.
Seeds non-referral schemes horizontal and slant-hole high düşülü
edited to increase the monotony of the cultivation planter plates
The use of appropriate seed pipe dream seeds to orbit
is required.
2.1.4. Precision Mechanical Seed Diskli Ekici Systems Vertical
Internal feeding types, one small-scale spontaneous returns socket
the outside diameter larger than the other wheels with grooved wheel
are available. The inner socket wheel, with the rate of low environmental
to return, full of seeds to slots. Seeds of the disc
in return, but corrugated outer disk is full. Gutter and
way to eliminate the effect of centrifugal forces
seeds direction, drawn at regular intervals to leave.
Fig 8th Internal feed system with a mechanical planter (Gökçebay, 1986).
External feeding types; vertical position of the seed disk storage
be fed from within, to fill slots are rounded to the seeds.
To return the disc, the effect of driving to drawing with seeds
is left. Figure 9 mechanical planter system with external feed
is seen (Gökçebay, 1986).
Fig 9th Mechanical planter outside feeding system (Gökçebay, 1986).
2.1.4.1. Construction of Precision Mechanics Diskli Ekici Tohum Vertical Systems Principles
Mechanical precision with vertical seed planter disk sets available work
are collected in two main groups in terms of principles. Long
The seeds are used externally feeding though the discs,
recently, especially for coated sugar beet seeds
that are developed internally feeding (Fig. 10).
Fig 10th Internal (left) and external (right) seed-feeding
discs.
Both before going to compare disk sowing seeds
machine speed (V) and the seeds around the speed of the disc (V)
the interest must be put in place.
V = seed discs around speed (m / s)
V = October, progress of the machine speed (m / s)
n = number of seeds into the disc (d / a)
R = seed disc diameter (m)
a = number of slots in the seed disc
b = the distance between the slots in the disk seed (m)
z = An as if the planting distance
V = ....................( 1)
V = ....................( 2) and a = of
V = .................( 3) can be written. V and V equations
rates are
= ...........................( 4) relationship is obtained.
Operating speed of the analysis of V 4 no'lu equality
in order to increase the speed V and z is an environment for the seed discs
increasing distance, or the seed sowing on the disc slot
Increasing the number of (double during the hole when necessary
be placed) should be understood. Field germinate output warranty
want to be, the October increase distance every time
It is not possible. The slot filling factor to decrease Insemination
condition to be able to do the planting of high operating speed
current path around the seed disk speed (V)
to increase the distance between holes in the disc or seed
(b) In other words the reduction in the number of holes
There are increasing options.
Fig 11th Seed and seed plate disk space environment to speed
effect.
Figure 11 and the seed disk speed seeds around the plate
to space (where the grain-free seed percentage) has been given effect.
To be seen from Figure 0.25 m / s up to speed on the environment
spaces in the seed disc mechanical external-feeding rapidly
while, internally feeding type 2 m / s disk to speed up the environment
very low levels to watch in space. Because the seed
The centrifugal force created during rotation of the disc both
effects of different types of seed from doing. Centrifugal force içten
germ cells to facilitate filling of the seeds feed
While the effects of external feeding the seeds of the cell contrast
power makes the stuffing.
Tohum disk speed from inside the environment by feeding
the pace of seed cells can be increased from the opposite direction
and the same value to be turned down to a speed
provides. (V = V). As a result, at the speed of seed components zero
drawn as the vertical fall, and roll in the seeds of the drawn
in order to be dragged at least.
The current external-feeding with mechanical precision planter planting scheme
machine speed V in V velocity around the seed disc
Are 13.4 times more for 6th .. (Chart 1).
1st Schedule Mechanical precision sowing seed disc vertical external-feeding
machines
operating speed (V) and the disk around the speed (V) between
relations (Önal, 1995).
The space and layout of the planter precision sowing machines ikizlenme
a reasonable level in order to make space and ikizlenme
a compromise between the point values must be determined.
1) Single-line spacing on the wheel socket
2) Two-line wheel-socket space
3) Two-wheel in-line socket ikizlenme
A) Reconciliation point
Fig 12th Compromise between space and value ikizlenme
provision.
Be seen in the figure of a vertical seed around on the speed of the disc
determined depending on space and cutting curves ikizlenme
point in the A, reconciliation (Kompromis) is the point. A compromise
at the speed of the seed disk around 15 cm / s, space and ikizlenme
values is 3%.
Speed the progress of the machine in October, so the vertical seed
to increase the speed of the disc around the space in October at a rate of
To avoid more Another solution
order to use the double-disc seed holes.
Separated from the seed disc and hit the vertical drawn until a seed
exposure to harmful factors in the team.
These are:
a) to leave the seed slot to slide the phase: the young and
seeds from the seed disc early in the free-standing slots will be reserved.
Due to the enormity seed disk slot seeds in the crowded stands
In the past, but the effect of driving seed begins to fall.
Delays in the seeds separated from the seeds of the seed slot
is the first cause of deviation from the target. Time to start declining in the
phase of the seed planter to order different from the scroll to the earth in orbit
is caused to fall. Calibrated or coated seed
or by selecting the appropriate hole size of this error source
can be largely eliminated.
b) seeds of different shapes and sizes of driving to the seeds
Impuls give different levels. In addition, the planting machine
During the progress of the vibration to increase effects Impuls
causes.
c) Insemination cause of the error sources identified by the target a
The seeds of resistance against the air show is another.
Gösterdiği upwind of the continuous sections of seeds
to change, to change seeds of the curved flow trajectory that
causes deviation from the target is. Drop height
deviations from the target increases the rate of surplus. Sugar coated
with a tolerance of ± 5 mm from the target beet deviation of surplus
is shown.
Fig 13th Sugar beet planting in the fall height from the target
to aberration effects.
Be seen in the figure, the vertical disc low sowing machine
progress at the speed (0.75 m / s) work and the seeds fall in
height 15 mm, despite receiving nearly a third of the seeds
fall outside of the goal of tolerance is ± 5mm. Today's
tohumların in October to the technical facilities drawn to deviations from target
yet put in place a solution that prevents it is absolute, 5-6 cm
range of ± 10 mm in October; 20 cm planting distance in the range ± 2.5 cm
tolerance is known to wander away from the goal of seeds.
Except for the error caused by Ekici layout, drawn at tohumların
bounce, roll and drift from the target to result in
deviations have been more.
2.2. Ekici Precision Pneumatic Systems
This type of planter system, is absorbed by air currents or seeds
cultivator of the air by pressing on sensitive yönlendirilir.Pnömatik
According to the sequence differences may like mechanical planter.
• Seeds attached to the calibrated,
• Pallets are (global monogerm) of seeds can be added,
• Ekici system without changing the order on the wide range of sowing
can be made,
• of different seeds (corn, sunflower, beans, beets, peas
etc..) can be added (Gökçebay, 1986).
According to the working principle of pneumatic systems, vacuum and precision planter
can be classified as a type of pressure.
Fig 14th Pneumatic sowing machine
2.2.1. Precision Pneumatic Vacuum Type Ekici Systems
In this system, seed store where the disc enters into the disk of
There is continuous vacuum and the seeds fall by the disc
by the holes are on hold. Machines at the wheel
disk space when moving, hold the seeds in the hole, atmosphere
press will encounter. Vacuum effect the closure of the seed
drawn to the falls (Milling, 1991 a).
Seed disc box hole absorbed in the existing vacuum seed
more than the seeds, bark, and again by one
seed drop box will be provided. Figure 15 the type of vacuum
pneumatic planter system is seen.
Figure 15 Vacuum type pneumatic planter system.
2.2.2. Precision Pneumatic Pressure Type Ekici Systems
Ekici system within a frame, the cone from the disc slot
occurs. The first disc into the slot of seeds to fill
seeds are rounded dollars. Slot seeds to more than one entrant,
pressure air in front of the breast, with the effect of air pressure
is one. With the help of the remaining seeds in the frame slot by moving a
by driving out of your mouth is drawn to the left (Gökçebay,
1986). Figure 16 the type of pressure system, pneumatic planter
can be seen.
Fig 16th Pressure type pneumatic planter system (Irla, 1974).
2.2.3. Construction of Precision Pneumatic Systems Principles Ekici
According to the selection of sensitive products in the machines during the period October
should always keep in mind. For example, grain
sensitive method of seed sowing machine perfusion in October to October
To provide a living space than during yeknesak
range should be 10 cm or below. Dar order
October to consider in the range of the precision sowing machines
The construction of at least 25 cm or more during October in the range
do differ.
The above reasons, the anchor of plant seeds in October
run on pneumatic principles used in the October sowing machine
cultivator or disk layouts using plates with holes, while narrow
included in the range of the grain seed planter for the cylindrical holes
regulates the quality of sowing;
a) around the plate Ekici speed (V),
b) Ekici plate holes in the seed and seed referring to the speed of
synchronize the velocity of the body plate (the paddle wheel) whether
not available
c) Vacuum pressure (pm bar) is effective.
Fig 17th According to the principles of working with a pneumatic vacuum seed planter disc
order
A) Principle scheme of the vertical seed disk working vacuum
around the disc at the speed of pneumatic precision sowing machine of the (V),
hole of 0.5 m / s disk speed up to around 90-95% because the
changing rate of the disc around a single grain capture speed 0.8 m / s
in the case for increased 75% in 1500 mbar vacuum for
in value is. Figure 0.5 and 0.8 as seen 18'de m / s
around 7.5 and 12 respectively of the disc speed km / h machine progress
It can be read as equivalent to the speed.
Fig 18th Working with pneumatic vacuum seed planter disk in order
plate speed (V), the machine speed (V) and vacuum pressure
single grain capture rate (TDYD) effects (with the seed corn)
• Seed weight of G (G = m.g),
• Centrifugal force (F = m.w ². R = m =, V: speed of around license plate
(m / s)
• friction force between the plates Insemination (kp)
P = .................( 1)
In the formula;
d = hole diameter (cm)
P = the force pushing on the plates of seeds (kp)
Steel plate friction coefficient between M = Insemination (M = 0.38)
may be taken.
• Seeds are captured by the hole and its V velocity
the inertia forces created during the gain (F)
F = ............( 2)
The formula for the A; hole capture time seed. (m / s)
Inertia force; hole (of seeds) is moving the opposite direction.
• license plate captured by the hole and seed mass in a
From time to seed dragged their resistance to the other seeds.
Perforated seeds, the paddle wheel mounted to the plate in the case, bin
grain weight, even more seeds in one grain of hole capture
rates rise and 1 m / s at the speed of the plate around guaranteed
a single grain capture rate can be provided. This is because,
the paddle wheel, to give impetus to the seed hole to catch him, the main
taking the direction of the hole should seed mass. Vacuum
According to the working principle of pneumatic precision sowing machines
(for Egypt) operating pressure (vacuum) value as a SS 900 mm (88
mbar) values are given.
Plate hole diameter of 1.17 mm, 100 mbar vacuum pressure (1020
kp / sqm) on the P absorption power P = 1 no'lu formula as 2.31 g
will be found. However, in practice seeds, fully closed hole,
calculated for the absorption of forces will be quite small. This
Therefore, the calculation method described above with the
value, rather than the real value of the minimum pressure required a rough
the estimate should be used.
Tohum always full of holes to be absorbed over the hole that
It is not. Away from the hole openings in the suction force
largest decrease is observed. Because the distance from the hole
is proportional to the square of the air speed is reduced.
Hole in a radial direction as air flows all, flow
line a half-sphere surface of the envelope is formed. Half
sphere with the radius of the grain determines the distance between the holes.
Air speed at a distance r from the hole in the VR
Vr = ........................ (3)
A = 4.π.r ² .....................( 4)
V = π.r ². VR ..................( 5)
The air speed by Eck'e hole (VR) value
Vrї = α. dir. ............................ (6)
4 and 6 in equation 3 no'lu no'lu equations using
Vr = ........................ (7) and
Vr =; r> 0 ..................... (8) are obtained.
In the formula;
V = flow rate of air flowing from the hole (m³ / s)
A = the sphere area (m²)
R distance from the hole in the air velocity vr = (m / s)
R distance from the hole in the air velocity vr = (m / s)
r = distance from hole (m)
r = Hole radius (m)
α = Flow coefficient (1,4-1,7 mm diameter hole in the α = 0.7
is taken.)
= 20 ° C for air mbar'da 1.14 kp / m³ 'roll.
A = Vacuum pressure (kgf / m²)
100 mbar vacuum pressure (= 1020 kgf / m²) and the 1.7 mm hole diameter
r distance from the hole in the air speed;
Vr = 33.46. (m / s) according to the formula hesaplanabilir.Formülün
r = 0.85 mm is taken to remove, where r is in mm
should be used.
The advantage of the holes 6 no'lu equality (r = 0) the air speed of 92.7
m / s as will be found. Schedule 2, the hole away from the air
What is a drop in speed is very fast. (r
) 0 values for the VR, 8 no'lu was calculated with the formula.
2nd Schedule 1.7 mm hole diameter and the hole in the vacuum pressure from the
distance (r) depending on the change in air speed.
Wheat grain in the critical air flow speed 8.8 m / s'dir.
In this case according to schedule 2 for 100 mbar vacuum
2 mm away from the hole in the pressure of the grain planter, an organ
be absorbed by it is not possible. Therefore, in order planter
guaranteed to be as understanding of the grain in the hole, the seed of the
holes to take measures to ensure the correct direction to be
is required.
Perforated plates for pneumatic precision sowing machines high (12
km / h'a up) to work or holes in the pace
paddle wheel is placed to the plate, or a simple
The number of the holes on the seed plate construction
is increased. Wing is reinforced with the barrel of the plate hole
around the speed of 1 m / s up to the value it is possible to remove. Vacuum
organized according to the working principle of pneumatic precision planter seconds
25 is the maximum possible seed. Buda precision planting of this type
machine maximum 12 km / h at the speed of progress
means they can work.
12 km / h high speed in a vacuum, according to the principles
employees of the single grain capture rate planter edit (single grain
catch rate (TDYO) = total number of seed-seed-free, and one place
where more than the number of seeds)% 90'nın is over.
However, the cribriform plate around seed rate, seed
drop height, the type of buried bodies on foot, and drawn off
influential factors such as seed placement due to the drawn 7-8
km / h at the speed of further progress can not run on. This
therefore, today's research into the drawing of a proper seed
to find measures to ensure the placement
are routed.
Perforated plates or disk with a precision pneumatic planter with planting schemes
to be able to create space for the planting machine business
value falls below a certain pressure to limit
is required. For example, pressurized air for the principle seed corn
600-900 mm in the working precision sowing machines SS (55-88
mbar) 'do not fall in gold is necessary.
Fig 19th Perforated cylindrical pneumatic precision planter layout
The hair is made of 2 mm thick 204 mm wide
cylinder (a) has been drilling holes in the order around. Each
There are 60 holes in order. Seed box (c) from a seed
is confusing and to (d) on the cylinder through
holes are routed. Since half of the cylinder height
90 º cylinder around knocking around a body part
(b), the hole allows more than one seed to fall back into the box.
After knocking on the path to the ongoing seed, sub-point
closer to the inside of the cylinder a rubber customized help
The roller (e) hole into the vacuum drawn to eliminate
drops.
Cylinder diameter of the holes on the size of the smallest grain
is limited to. Seed at a rate of reduction of the hole diameter
hole is needed to keep the vacuum pressure increases. So
diameter hole with a compromise between the vacuum pressure (kompromis)
point must be. Testing of cereal seeds
1.7 mm diameter hole for the show should be.
Will be essential to the construction of cylindrical holes level precision planter
values can be given by taking into account the following phases.
1) grasp of the grain through the hole of the vacuum
2) Seed is the only
3) Dane out of the hole to
4) Dane drawn between the movement of the hole
