Plant to train and to produce seed at planting is to be buried. Often used as seeds in October, tubers (potatoes, onions, etc..) And vegetable seedlings (tobacco, tomato, etc.. Etc.) are also used. Here are the machines used in planting seeds, sowing machines are called.
I. OCTOBER MACHINES
Image: Mechanical sowing machine
Means of production to increase; unit area to obtain such products is more than decar. For this purpose, increasing the number of plants per unit area, and each plant can take advantage "of Habitats" and must be minimized. However, one area of the plant life can not be reduced to the requested. Because each plant can develop sufficient light, air, moisture, temperature and nutrients that can provide an optimal living space needs.
Between plants in the soil during the case of the large shadows are not good. This on the growth of weeds, causing soil to dry and clotted cream is binding. Because of these features, etc. grain. seeds in narrow rows should be added.
In contrast, extensive cultivation of the soil line to fight weeds requiring ventilation and maintenance must be done easily by machines. Therefore, the order of the anchor between the large plants, the order shall be kept on the narrow.
This is due to feature size of living space plants varies according to plant varieties
October norm mean?
Unit area will be added to the amount of seed is called sowing norm.
What are the Factors Effective October Norm?
October norm; climatic conditions, plant variety, seed characteristics and cultivation methods are affected.
October methods
1. Spreading October
2. Order October
1. Spreading October: seed spreader with a hand or develop land to be called beautiful hair. This method of common forage crops sown in October or steep slopes of the machines do not work is used.
There are some disadvantages of spreading cultivation. These are;
a) Unit field, the seed thrown into the amount of change.
b) seeds of living space will be different sizes.
c) The seeds are not included in the same depth.
d) seeds will be output in different time.
e) maturation time is different.
f) Efficiency will be lower.
2. Order October: seeds with sowing machine is included.
Benefits of October in order
a) seeds will be out at the same time.
b) the most appropriate living space is provided.
c) was added to the place and the struggle for the anchor job can be done easily by machines.
d) The seeds are added to the same depth.
e) Maturity time will be identical.
Image: Pos planting machine
Order October Methods
a) continued during the method
b) Band planting method
c) Strip-shaped planting method
d) Narrow row planting method
e) Cross-planting method
f) The Equal Interval method of single-grain sowing
g) Batch cultivation method
Today our country the most widely used method of cultivation methods and continued during the single-grain sowing is a method equally spaced.
Continued during the method; Seeds are added to soil in 15-20 cm intervals. As time continued to be shed seeds. This method of cereal and fodder crops are most applications.
Equally spaced single-grain sowing method, sunflower, corn, such as higher plants and a rank order of the distance between the attachment is to be equal.
Unsuccessful in October to work for
1. Should be well prepared seed bed
2. When the moisture in the soil, planting should be done in accordance
3. Seed sowing machine according to gender and well-tuned, according to the technique of planting and sowing machines must be made.
Following in mind when choosing the October machines should be.
1. Business size
2. Type of plants grown in Business
3. Be sowing the long or short
4. The available tractor power
5. Whether or not to do with fertilization October
6. Soil structure
7. October methods
The following characteristics should be a good sowing machine
1. Seed should not damage
2. According to the October standard setting
3. Depth and spacing settings during October
4. Should be taken from the same seed each foot
5. Should be able to add the seeds of various grit size
Usually found in a sowing machine, but here we all take part as partners and will review.
Picture: October machine parts
1. Seed fund
Where seeds are placed. In general, hair is made of.
2. Ekici regulates
Adjusted amount of seed received from the seed fund assigns to the seed tube.
Image: Ekici scheme
3. Seed pipes
Is the part of the seed planter legs forward.
4. Bury's feet
The desired depth in the soil leading parts are plotted.
5. Motion transmission schemes
Movement of the camera system in October planter is taken from the machine's wheels.
6. Marker (Çizem)
Continue to transform the field after the planting is not included in the row will not be asked to remain in tight spaces. We make this work with markers. Tractors in the course will trace markers, in turn, we come from the traces in the search field to remain we will prevent waste.
Image: Marker set
7. Seed shutdown order
User of the foot switch to bury the seed shed after closed scheme is plotted.
8. Lifting scheme
User feet buried in the trailer-type planting machine business to the state or brought to the road conditions are regulated.
OCTOBER the RECRUITING MACHINE PREPARATION
Before sowing machine in October with the following preparations are made.
1. Tractor of the machine to connect to
2. Parallelism setting
3. Row set
4. During the adjustment
5. Depth setting
6. October norm setting
7. Marker (Çizem) setting
1. To connect to the machine's tractor: tractor trailer-type planting machine reading of the shot taken before the blood is connected by attaching. Suspended type tractor at sowing machines, 3-point suspension layout (hydraulic) is connected with the help.
2. Parallelism setting: October's feet parallel to the floor of the smoothness buried with work as possible. To do this, right-left and front-back parallel parallel settings are made.
3. Row setting: a good distance between now and October must be equal to each other. User connects to the bury these settings feet beam clamps are made from.
4. During the setting: Single-grain sowing machines which are important. Seeds sown in the same order equal to each other at a distance is required to be included.
5. Depth setting: Embed on a user affects the feet to set the spring pressure is adjusted planting depth. Yay pressure increases the depth increases, decreases the depth is reduced.
6. October norm setting: This setting varies according to each machine. Therefore, to use the machine maintenance and adjustment should be made to read the book very carefully.
7. Marker (Çizem) setting: tractor in the fields of space between departure and return, which provides not `markers, sowing machines mounted on both sides of the adjustment is done with a track.
Considered to be the machine Yaparken October October Considerations
1. Planting in rows as possible should be done properly.
2. Amount of seed and seed flow machine in October in order to be checked whether the blockage.
3. As possible should go at the same speed.
4. Seed early enough depth to October not added additional check must be controlled.
5. Markers should be checked is not set properly can be adjusted.
6. Position of the hydraulic system of tractor swimmers should be run.
7. Depot should not be filled from completely empty.
Machinery Maintenance and Storage of October
1. Supplied with the machine maintenance and use the book should be read thoroughly.
2. Machine's settings should be in working condition schemes.
3. Places that have to be fat be fat.
4. Chain and belt tensions should be checked.
5. Wheels should be checked air.
6. Worn parts should be replaced.
7. Machinery should be stored in a closed place.
II. SEWING MACHINES
Some plants tubers, bulbs, steel, are replicated with seedlings or saplings. Cultivation of such plants instead of planting is concerned. This job is tiring of man-made, various machines have been developed that takes time. Sewing machines of plant varieties according to the requested increase be reduced to take names. Example:
-Potato planting machines
-Seedling planting machines
-Saplings planting machines
Trees planted to open-pit machines
1. POTATO SEWING MACHINES
Potato is an anchor plants. Development will be done during the work of hoeing and throat, filling and easy disassembly to be following in mind should be exercised during planting.
- Distance between the place; planting makes up half of the width of tractor to be monitored varies between 62,5-75 cm. Subsequent maintenance and removal work is done with the tractor wheels in the middle of the income while. Everywhere equal to the order of searching must be observed. Differences between rows should not exceed 2-3 cm.
Image: Potato planting machine working order
- Place the range, while, between the weight of tubers, tuber, depending on the number of eyes riding between 25-38 cm are selected. For very small tubers 20 cm, at 45 cm can be taken for very large tubers. This distance should be considered to be equal in every place.
- Depth and cover layer thickness of the soil; erected during maintenance of potatoes to prevent damage, however good the soil temperature should be selected to provide an adjustment. Average is around 5 cm layer of cover. The full soil depth at the top of the potato tuber to the next level to be planted. Harvested by hand or machine stitching method to back in useful. Heat and humidity changes as well as abnormal in terms of protection has some drawbacks. In contrast to the flat field planting is difficult disassembly with remove this objection.
During potato planting all kinds of sewing machines
Plotted the opening of-Planting
Tuber be left-of
Tuber be covered in -
performs a search process.
2. POTATO TYPES OF SEWING MACHINES
a) Simple potato planting machines
b) automatic potato planting machine
a) Simple Potato Planting Machinery
Image: Basitpatates sewing machine
1. Link
2. Support wheel
3. Plotted opener
4. Shoemakers organ
5. Concealer
6. Çizem
7. Signals or movements
castor
8. Sitting
9. Storage
Usually used for smaller-scale fields. Used must been sprouting of tubers. Two or more may be ordered. These machines draw larger than 25 cm of width tires of the tractor, tractor track width must be less than 125 cm.
b) Automatic Potato Planting Machinery
Image: Otamatikpatates sewing machine
1. Link
2. Shoemakers organ
3. Çizem
4. Plotted opener
5. Support and plotted opener
6. Concealer
These types of machines are used in the planting of large areas. The selection of tubers for planting, filling machine and tractor drivers outside manpower is required. 2-4-6-8 can be ordered.
3. SEWING MACHINE PARTS of Potato
a) plotted Opener
Will be planted in the soil for tubers, but officials are drawn open. Offered to receive plotted potatoes and depth should be equal. Research the most suitable for light and medium soil the drawn width of 10 cm, the depth of 8 cm was revealed. Plotted openers, could be in the form of an ax or a hoe.
b) Warehouse
Move the potatoes are planted organ. Outfall is located at the bottom. Sizes for the 700-900 meter long road course in the 120 kg per unit. potatoes are to receive. Good ground clearance for ease of filling should be selected.
c) Dikici Organ
Simple sewing machines are used in organs shoemakers, planting pipe and audio signal division, vertical and horizontal drum, the bucket chain is divided into 3 groups. Automatic potato planting machine bucket in the chain, bucket wheel and held with forceps are used.
Each row of simple sewing machines going rate 1,5-3,6 km / h is between 100-130 to tuber is at. Depending on the automatic machines during 5,4-16,2 km / h when going fast in minutes will be discarded lumps 200-600.
d) Supply Arrangement
Automatic potato planting machines are available. Filling of the bucket in between provide a blank.
e) Close routers
Covering the body fell to the earth plotted are the tubers. Heading into the sloping atrium concave disk, may be in the form of special sıyırgı iron or rake.
f) Support Wheel
The weight on the machine by moving everywhere equal to the depth of planting provide.
g) Movement Order
Potato planting machines at the same time many of the wheels in motion transmission wheels are supported. Transmission rate usually moves in the transmission scheme can be amended and adjusted over time.
IV.FİDE SEWING MACHINES
Eggplant, peppers, cabbage, tomatoes, vegetables and tobacco, such as pre-grown in greenhouses and pillows are replicated with seedlings. Sewing machines and seedling planting seedlings during the following process is done with.
-Rows are drawn
Drop-pit
-Fide is placed
Ground-roots suppressed.
-Can water be given, suppressed
-Fertilizer or water can be given, suppressed.
This number of the job be done by hand is time consuming and tiring job. In addition, a planting can not be done as desired. Plant roots will be turned up, development will be delayed, keep the percentages dropped. Seedling planting, the mechanical work done on time, this number can be made and the savings will be provided.
Image: Elle and fertilization should be sewn by machine seedlings
1. SEWING MACHINE REQUIRED of SEEDLING CHARACTERISTICS
-Fide Games must not be damaged
Soil should be placed vertically to
Perpendicular to the desired depth-(up to 20 cm)
-Place on the set between 12-100 cm
Suppression with a force of 0.3 kg-way must be able to withdraw. If dry air could more loosely.
-At least 95% of seedlings should be kept.
2. SEEDLING of SEWING MACHINE PARTS
Image: General view Seedling planting machine, tractors and components to be connected
1. Tractors 7 Shoemakers units
2. Manure storage and manure pipes a. B. plotted opener Discs
3. Link beams c. D. Suppression Users Scraper rods
4. E. tractor connection scheme Determinate
5. Seedling tray 8 The seedlings planted
6. Çizem
Seedling planting machines are made in a sequence 2-6. Seedlings, planting organ given to the work by hand is very low speeds (1 km / h below). Multi-tiered units in machines with a beam as joints are connected to.
a) plotted openers
b) seedling planting body
Image: Flexible-disc work of planting bodies
1. Seedlings are given
2. Seedlings in a horizontal state and was cut
3. The seedlings to be planted
a. E. plotted opener Holder
b. Flexible disk f. Determinate
c. Suppression and trackwheel g. Disc gear movement
d. Mark h. Concealer rods
c) Printing wheels and scraper bars
d) Irrigation and Fertilization Unit
Can water or fertilization during planting is desired to be made to carry fertilizer. Planting seedlings during a disk that can leave the land of water and fertilizer and manure is irrigated with.
Photo: Manure distribution scheme
1. Link at the top of the roof of the 7th Ports (tractor)
2. Link at the bottom of the roof 8 Forward arm movement
3. Link lama 9 Motion wheel
4. Fertilizer shooter bar 10 Fertilizer starting point
5. Pipes 11 Fertilizer bolt set
6. Pipes underneath
e) Seedling Tray and Seat of Workers
Seedlings can be planted seedling planting machines 40-50 minutes. Used tractors must have a low gear levels. Each row of machines for weight 100-120 kg. is.
V. PLANT VERTICAL MACHINES
Is difficult and laborious manual planting of seedlings of planter are developed.
Planter 1-2 years of pre-prepared soil with seedlings 30 cm. planted to a depth can.
Planter usually ride on two wheels move the roof of spruce seedlings boxes, workers living space, housing Trench, print wheels, part of the soil correction, automatic lifting and setting the depth of the order occurs.
Image: Saplings sewing machine
1. Ok
2. 5 depth settings Kabartıcı harrows
3. Opening iron 6 Determinate
4. Printing wheels 7 Fidan box arm
Working during the open iron 12 cm. opens a wide moat. Located on the wings until the young trees planted next to the ditch to be demolished the front wall of the holding. Left and right sides of the body while sitting in with the workers receive one sapling from the rear side of the ditch into the wings and they keep roots from the soil down until the end.
V. ON MACHINES pit (the territorial SCREW)
Sewing machines, fruit and forest trees open pit used in a variety of fences and for connecting directly to the upright in the pit opening, and connecting rods are used sewing. Work capacity is high compared to manually open pit. Types and sizes of saplings will be opened according to the diameter of hole 20-100 cm. between changes. Maximum depth of 100 cm. is up.
Motion to receive the tail shaft, mostly tractors are made.
Image: Tail shaft suspended from the movable type open pit machine
