Let us not forget that the earth is alive. Her life-like soil to AIR, MOISTURE and HEAT needs in accordance with technical raw from the fields, we want efficiency, not only land we can get VERDİĞİ MUCH. Soil in accordance with our process through technical ISI, NEM and provide ventilation as well as, or to correct the soil's structure, plant root system development and proliferation is required to prepare a suitable ENVIRONMENT.
Image: move an established base of soil cross-section of culture plant growth, soil favorable for maturing and fruit must be able to give. To make suitable land is possible with the appropriate SOIL PROCESSING. Photo 32: The purpose of soil tillage and Going summarize, the seed bed preparation, style = "LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"> Foreign weed control to the soil surface crop residues, stubble and buried in the barnyard manure to ensure, not watering the fields to prepare and to control erosion is. To accomplish these objectives in different structures has been developed many SOIL PROCESSING TOOLS. Tillage tools to sort as follows; 1 Class 2 Soil Tillage Tools Soil Tillage Tools Classroom Tools
Combinations
-Plows
-Chisel
Boilers-Dip-Cultivator
-Harrows
Of-Soil Milling
-The rolls
-Other instruments
FIRST CLASS SOIL PROCESSING TOOLS
1. PLOW Games
Most commonly used tools are processing the soil plow. Plows parts by turning the land transfer will, relax and weeds stubble is buried.
The most used ones are in our country plow strap. Let's examine them in the order.
PLOW of ASKILI
Tractor hydraulic arm connected to and kept in suspension to be drawn plow plows are called strap.
BENEFITS of ASKILI PLOW
Is connected to the back of the plow for tractor skidding is prevented, captured power increases.
Transportation is easy, less wear and tear because they are carried in the air.
Is connected to the short version is easier on the tractor into the pillow top would be short.
Tractors increases work efficiency, saves time
In many parts taken from them with no plow.
TYPES of ASKILI PLOW
A-Folder plows
B-eared Rotary plows
C-Disc plows
A-Folder for PLOW
Most widely used in the strap-eared plow plows are. Body and varies from twenty-one with the number sokların.
Image: Four-eared soklu a plow main parts: Connecting head, roof, cross-shaft, trunnion of the body and end anchor. Assistant Parts:
Front body N, corner cutting, fertilizer buried user, stone, insurance, ear extension
Image: Ear plow the land operation
DIMENSIONS in PLOW
To connect the tip of the iron plow part is very important.
In this connection there are two shares.
1. Lower share of clutch
2. Side grip share
Flat on the floor with the tip of the iron tip of the iron base of the gap between the share is called the lower grip. If the share at the lower grip to the bat does not plow the soil, it will try to dive into if plow soil, depth adjustment is difficult and tractor difficult.
As well as the body of a straight plow put in place by the end of the raw iron by iron tip to the base is connected to some is seen protruding. This space is called the share side grip.
It can also be directed to give plows and balanced.
If plow plowed by side to grip less escapes. Much if untreated side escapes.
Search in eared Plows have enough features
Connection should be no space in-place.
The length should be short-Plow.
Should be set-up cross-shaft and trunnion.
Connecting head-high and over must have a 3-5 hole mount.
-Large and is drawn plow wheel support in the last frame should be.
All measurements in accordance with the standards-Plow must.
Connecting to the Tractor and plow to dismantle
Plow tractor before connecting the lower arm out of whack, then adjustable arm, then connects the upper link arm. The inverse of this process is being dismantled to make.
PLOW SETTINGS
Workshop Setting:
To be done before going to the field setting.
Tractor runs, plow is pulled down to remove and place on a flat in this case, very little is left to the next is drawn. Link arms equidistant from the side wheel and wheel set to be worth.
-First base of the trunk and the second anchor body is measured between the tip of the iron.
From the inside edge of the right rear wheel-tractor behind a straight line is drawn or may be a smooth ledge.
The first body with the tip of the iron-tip distance between the tractor's right rear wheel, the first base of the trunk and the second anchor body between the tip of the iron tip until the remaining distance is more than five fingers are provided. This job previously axle shaft bolts are loosened by this measure, right, left, and registration are made by bolts will be compressed again. In this way, after the adjustment wheel tractor in the fields and therefore does not scratch the wall drawn less tire wear.
On the way to each side of the tractor-field detection chains are stretched. Then remove the plow, hydraulic system to the state road transport are performed. To the fields and very fast not to be more steady to get there.
Field Adjustment:
In-Field, tractors on the road unlocked.
-Plow is in place.
-Tractor hydraulic system will be taken to the state.
Side chain-stretching is relaxed. Relaxation of the lower link arms to the wheel and the wheel should continue until the 4-5 finger link arms must not touch.
The first line to open and the rear-right wheel plow plow plow right-left when you enter a line parallel setting, adjustable suspension arms are made of.
Back-front parallel setting; plow fields at the level of the roof of the front and back should be parallel. plow the ground that should fit. This setting is the top link arm.
-Depth adjustment, depth adjustment after the second line should be done in a particular gas and speed. Depth adjustment is made by hydraulic arms download. When in the desired depth, hydraulic arm can be detected and identified with the butterfly is fixed. Depth adjustment should be done with the top link arm. Upper link arm, parallel to the ground when the plow or tractor drawn towards the oblique must be some.
B-ROTARY PLOW Folder Games
Go and come from the same drawn to the plain version is called plows headset will return to the plow.
Image: Rotary-eared plows
Properties;
1. Done properly, they release a flat surface in the field is driven.
2. Erosion is prevented.
3. Fuel and time savings due to shortness of return is provided.
Rotary Plow Folder Setting: Normal is the same as in plow-eared. Good Aspects of C-DISC PLOW: Soil for trying to turn around the obstacles are not installed. Environment makes the cutting action of the disc, the disc is rotating even when the self. Against shocks to the dished discs will outlast. In other plow the ground hardness makes the blind-end iron. This question is not on disc plow. Aspects objectionable: Ear good as in plow off an upset and can not do. In case of a land strip of the best parts for the heavy and wet soil can not. Self-sinking land. Depth must be connected to increase the weight on.
Floating base is drawn.
Image: Three body with a disk plow
Settings
Depth adjustment, hydraulic control levers can be done from the top link arm extended and abbreviated as well. Business width adjustment, the right-rear wheel to the left to intercept and perform. Be right if large, if the narrow version is to the left. Also, because of the angle of the disc case according to the direction of the point of going over the tools of the soil amended and whether the increasing fragmentation can be reduced.
Care of Plow
In other equipment such as plows, closed at a location must be protected. In the open or closed under the sun should be placed in moist places. Should be taken on board or wedge. Work outside the season-end iron, ear, the base against corrosion of iron and per axle grease to be sure. New ones with iron heel iron tip has worn should be replaced. Loose bolts, spring washers should be tightened and bent to put the loft should be rectifiable.
Related to plow Important Advice
Be taken must be appropriate for your tractor plow. It a bit more open, according to the horsepower of your tractor plow should be 2-3 or 4 soklu. Tractors plow in the desired speed without difficulty easily be able to attract. Dimensions and hydraulic plow tractor track width must obey, hydraulic easily removed and, must be downloaded. As Plows building robust, particularly the front axle and a handle end parts iron and ears, should be hardened steel. Plow in the upper connection hole should be 2-5. Hydraulics of the tractor plow a single hole can not be controlled better. For this reason, proper and equal in depth version will be made. In fact, power and fuel consumption also increases release. Plow in the handler body to the structure of the soil that will run on the ear shape, type, must be appropriate to the kind of agriculture. Least in the environment and environmental conditions were made according to appropriate must be determined with experience. Except in this special type of semi-bent or middle ear in vertical plow must be purchased. A body of work on the plow width, base width of the rear wheels of the tractor must adhere to.
Version and Release Technique Figure
The release version is called in to plow tahtavari eared. This version is applied in the form of two different methods.
- The first version is a form of fish. The second is a form of open-drawn version.
Herringbone-shaped version of the first line opens in the middle of the field and always turn right at the beginning of the release parcel is continued. The first two land parcels in the middle of the end version of the band due to overlapping longitudinally in the form of a mound of fish occurs.
- Light from the edge of the parcel plotted in the way that the first drawn up at the beginning of the parcel is left at the end is always in the form of an open channel in the middle of the parcel will remain drawn.
- Folder version is made in herringbone method plow the fields in the middle of a mound, open a channel in the middle of the field is plotted in the way that has occurred. These two methods left to one side of the objectionable aspects of the good aspects to merge through a version of the form that can be applied.
- According to this technique most suitable for medium-sized farm plots 60-70 step width (40 meters), 110-120 steps for large field (80 meters) should be taken up.
- In the distribution of tractors in the fields before a per bag should be enough to return.
Opening of the starting line:
Parcels into the tractor tension is taut chains. Plow at a depth of approximately five fingers in the first round may make versions of the top link to the left arm is extended and the plow will be deposited. (Rear body is made with the version). Turn left after the first round to the left of the tractor rear wheels to be drawn before the drop back to the same set. Occurring at a depth equal to the channel and about everywhere would be a step width. Then the second round of this initial drawn will be closed. For this, the top link arm is shortened. Parallel to the exact location of the body not to plow a little will be corrected. Depth of the rear fuselage version should be up to about ten fingers. Return the first drop in the channel will be switched off completely. Depth is the same. After that, according to the desired depth and then return to this setting is the third time. When we want to obtain the depth of tillage plow all settings must be made.
Last drawn to the end:
Or the end of the field plots of two or three laps left when going towards the end of the depth reduced versions. In the meantime, as the opposite of the beginning drawn plow to the right of the open version will continue to be deposited. Prior to the end for going up to half the depth of the depth should be reduced version.
To consider when processing of the soil with plows important matters;
In recent years, research has shown that in agricultural soil to process large amounts of soil and good results in terms of both product cost does not increase. Then extra processing of the soil is wrong.
In the past since our country's farmers are continuing a false impression. The more so if you take the land called yield increases. Even among our farmers in tillage-related chats; the replication field, I've üçle expressions, such as their version numbers would tell each other proudly.
However, scientific studies show that no large amounts of soil to process, too much to take, both in terms of soil productivity but also in terms of product cost is harmful.
Our country farmers to compete in world markets can reduce the cost of the product are required. This is the way it is possible to switch to farming techniques from conventional agriculture. Much work must be due to soil, more work should be avoided.
As a result, our plow over time and must use enough.
2. Chisel
In recent years, have been introduced in our country. They operate from the land transfer. For deep soil at the same time as they draw the task dipkazanın would they do. Besides this, the use of plows were brought thoroughly reduced. Farmers by three legs, seven legs are named with numbers such as the legs.
Image: Seven-pillar Chisel
Where many are used in the preparation of cotton in particular. Greatly reduce the use of plows were brought. Structure is simple. Mounted on a roof pillars consists of a plotter.
With different number of legs is Chisel. Business efficiency is very high compared to plow. This will reduce maintenance cost of processing the soil and provide time-saving.
3. DİPKAZANLAR
Some soil and climatic conditions each year in business in the same depth beneath the ground floor of 8-10 cm thick. waterproof up to a hard layer is formed. This move is called the base layer in the generation of water in the soil, the lower layer becomes difficult to infiltrate and prevents the development of plant roots. Therefore, the rain and snow fall to the soil and ground water infiltration in sub-floor making it hard to water flowing to the surface of the soil and causes erosion. Therefore, the base stone must be broken at regular intervals. This special body called the plow dipkazan job is done with. This tool handler body upright and attached to a solid pier consists of wedge-shaped tip of iron. Width of tool work hard layer (base piece) should be the pick. To achieve this, the hard layer depth should be determined in advance. Dipkazan certain intervals in one direction, you should pull out after the second, taken before and at regular intervals perpendicular to the direction should be taken. Heavy clay soils dipkazanın fly behind iron; shot or cylinder-shaped part in the form of connecting within the soil and hard layer be better explosions and at a certain depth through this track where the gaps by creating ventilation of the soil and water movement in soil is facilitated. Can be of different types Dipkazanın body. These are the type of work as hard or vibration are available. Vibrating as workers move from working with tractors tail shaft. Those who are hard on the back of tractors at a certain depth of soil should be worked out to bat. Tractor's hydraulic system, while working dipkazanla necessarily must be in the position taken control, front weights should be worn when working dipkazanla.
Image: the effect of soil Dipkazanın
II. SECOND CLASS SOIL PROCESSING TOOLS
1. Cultivator
Cultivator; soil fluff rip, rend, aerate, cut weeds and remove the roots face, mixing mineral fertilizers are used for such purposes and stubble break.
2. HARROWS Games
Surface fields are operated. Most soils are used in light and medium weight. Field surface will swell, cream layer breaks, removing weeds, and provide the seed bed preparation.
Image: Harrows
Types;
a) Gear harrows,
b) spring harrows,
c) Rotary harrows,
d) Disc harrows to be collected into four groups. Each group has different shapes.
Disc Harrows (Diskarolar)
With the soil disk cuts, will crumble, and mix transfers. Plow after the release, especially heavy and herbs in the fields of turf is the best tool to crumble. In addition, many herbs and green grass field grass and greens in the rotation and soil fragmentation. Alone, depending on soil and climate conditions will lead to erosion should not be used in case.
Image: Harrow
Maintenance and adjustment of disc harrows
Angle adjustment for optimum efficiency Diskarolarda must be made. To increase the angle, tractors and fuel consumption will increase shot power. Reduces the amount of work done. A comfortable setting for normal operation must be performed. Field conditions, work width, depending on depth of 6-10 km per hour. must be taken quickly. Diskaroların maintenance is easy. Employees of the disc surface against corrosion should be grease, bearings must be pressed gresörlüklerine grease from time to time. Closed areas should be kept.
3. SOIL MILLING the
Using this tool can list the following objectives;
- The soil surface will swell, crushing and mixed.
- Field and stalks cut grass on the surface, soil homogeneously mixed.
- Plows work with tillage and planting also makes ready. Is very useful especially in the vineyard and gardening.
- The second product in the preparation of the soil, stalks the land of confusion to provide.
Work, particularly in combination with the planting seed drill being used, as well as strip tillage is vari.
Image: Milling
Using tools
Milling of the soil, the tractor is moving from the tail shaft. Tractor drawn with rates, hours vary between 4-8 km. Low overall progress in the soil at the speed milling crushing smaller piece, high feed rate of larger pieces in the soil is crumbly. At the same time it is concerned with transfer of crushing blade shaft. As the blade shaft reduced crushing cycle grows smaller as speed increases, crumbly soil is broken up. With a blade shaft speed of withdrawal in accordance cycle is set according to the desired soil structure can be crushing. Milling width of the soil work is fixed. Only in some cutters, knives to the right or left, scrollable groups. Bottom of the tree in the garden, milling are handled as you move to the right. Some land in the crushing cutter knife approach of setting hair housing, is made by removal. Hair is more crushing blades approach. The maintenance is easy. Hangar or at a location off wedges should be kept on the worn-out blades should be changed with the new ones, bend the blades should be pointing. Appropriate and enough gear to the gear box oil should be included. Motion strap straps disassembled and the ones hung on the wall should be kept. Which moves from the tail shaft of the shaft joint gresörlüklerine de grease must be pressed.
Rototiller
Today, in the form of single or combination of instruments, technical features and a milling than others on the Rototiller used. All kinds of soil and seed bed comfortable working in the best way to prepare. Movement from the tail shaft, gear box, and then the desired speed, the blade shaft are given and a good way to earth works.
4. ROLLER Games
Loose pieces of turf and soil after the soil ufalttıkdan suppressed and therefore increases the ground contact of the seed germination helps. Tractor towed or connected to the hanging position of work in the swimmers.
Image: Roller
Rollers;
· Flat platens,
· Floating platens,
· Dip the roller press,
are to be collected in three groups.
Plain rollers soil surface suppression and correction are used. This type of flat rollers are cylindrical shape. Wavy (annular) platens, rollers are the most commonly used in field work. Suppresses soil, turf, and their crushing 2-5 cm surface soil cover creates crumbled. According to the tapered roller annular ring, star, cambridge and are named as croskil. Dip the roller press; field lines on the surface of the deep plow eliminates the crumbling clod, and the field will make the surface smooth.
Latches
Irrigated farmland in the soil from excessive suppression are used in the editing process. Gap at the top of the soil is broken and the bottom kanalcık evaporates moisture loss is prevented. Catches are usually made of wood and iron. Tractor or towed to the hanger to connect, free swimmers in a position to work out.
III. TOOL COMBINATIONS
Seed bed preparation, the current weather conditions and the status of the field is more effective. Preparing a suitable seed bed, plow a field with a well-processed, a rake, or you could end up spending a Cultivator. Grain in agriculture in general, Cultivator or a disc harrow and sowing the fields are prepared to do. In different soil conditions and heavy individual use of this tool is not enough. As time and job loss are also increased costs. Concentrated in the business affairs and a tractor for other work is needed, the soil does not leave much time to prepare. This reason and because of all at once as soon as possible to finish 2-for geliştirilmiştir.Bunlar combinations of instruments, 3 and 4 may be the case.
Image: Combination
Rake-Cultivator, pointed rake with rake-back, Cultivator-toothed rake, spring rake with rake-like returns. The other, plow and rotary cutter from the back of the release, such as scratch version can be pulled together and roll duo without direct sowing cultivation in the milling machine together with a triple combination of instruments can be created by machines. Combination of other instruments such as maintenance of equipment is. Off at a location should be protected, humid places should be placed. Against corrosion should be grease, worn and broken ends must be replaced. Field should be moved to a more careful, transportation should be a lock, side chains should be stretched. Dikke not been going quickly in cornering
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