Strawberry, the group is entering staphylo fruits. Not a real fruit fruit eaten up 40-60 at the flower pistil united sense tablasıdır.Botanik strawberry seeds are on the (achene) as the consumption of fresh dir.Sofralık range of products consumed by industry is also large. Strawberries, water and mineral elements from soil, air, carbon dioxide production by taking plant growth and fruit provides. Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, and fruits of the plant will generate 90% of dry weight. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S plant growth and fruit production is necessary for the macro elements to the soil before planting N application is required for a successful production. Fe, Mn, Zn, Mo, Cu, Cl, B application of micro-elements within the production period is done. Strawberries are herbaceous plant with shallow root structure. Roots were well-drained (tea) in the 60-70 cm soil until descends. In heavy soil, roots will grow horizontally. Clusters of flowers in the strawberry-shaped. It could be called in the body have changed. Pollination is necessary for a good strawberry. Bees, wind and gravity is sufficient for pollination. Fruit in any way for the plant growth regulators used. Cold weather during flowering, insect damage and deformity in flower is not a good pollination. Usually 20-35 days after pollination the fruit ripens, depending on weather conditions.
In the LENGTH SENSITIVITY of STRAWBERRY DAYS
As a kind of short-day and day neutral strawberries are divided into two. Short-day strawberry varieties in the length of night, 14 hours a day with temperatures 7.2 degrees C in the eyes of the flowers occurs in short days, they are called short-day varieties. Depending on the kind of day length from neutral while the average night temperature 15 degrees C in six varieties of fruit are. As always in these kinds of fruit that is called. Strawberry plants need the cold added between 400-500 hours. Strawberry plants need to be more against the cold added vegatatif parts of the less powerful strawberry yield, plant cold-added requirement is satisfied in the limit of the weak parts vegatatif the strawberry yield is high. For this reason the day length and yield in strawberry average temperature is very closely related. It is for that kind of woke up to a region, other regions may not match.
SOIL REQUESTS
Most suitable soil for growing strawberry tea, light soils are sandy-ting. Si EC 1 mmho / cm at high saline soils, a high percentage of lime and soil to grow strawberries in soil pH higher than 5,5-6 creates significant problems.
WEATHER REQUESTS
Ecological conditions, directly on the quality of strawberries is effective. Climate, altitude and soil levels of strawberry cultivation. Is spread over a long period of flowering in strawberry frozen product does not damage the whole. Strawberry, raising the risk is at least one of the plants. Strawberry, cultivated in our country almost all the geographical regions in a single planting in January bitkidir.Kışlık average temperature is above 10 C degrees and gives good results in the region.
TYPES AND SEEDLING SELECTION
Strawberries with the shock (frigo), scuba and fresh as the seedlings are produced. Meet the needs of the seedbed seedling added with cold shock had stopped vegatatif development as -2 C in the cold weather kept the plants are seedlings. 700-1100m in altitude on the seedbed and in the months of November to December while the lowest altitude in the months of December to February will be removed from the seedbed is kept in cold storage. Shock the first week of August to September with seedlings between the planting is done.
Fresh seedlings from the high altitude of 700 m length of 13 days in the seedbed saat'den and average night temperatures of less than 7.2 degrees C in the eyes of flowers occurs in the months of October-November will be removed +2 degrees C can be kept in areas referred to planting seedling production with fresh edilir.Erkencilik the largest is the advantage.
Obtained from the seedbed seedling seedlings stolonlardan tube in a mixture of peat + perlite or directly to the nursery bed soil to be taken with the viol or nylon pouch is. Soilless culture obtained in the seedlings of cold-weather facility at +2 degrees C cold-added requirements are met wait.
Variety selection will be the region's ecological conditions of the production and Market conditions taken into consideration as the selection yapılır.Ülkemizde short-day plants by 90% planting Camarosa kind is made. The kind of day neutral Albion, Diamente, Aroma, and stood in the middle of Selva dikilmektedir.Nötr days of spring and winter types than planting days earliness types sağlar.Nötr disadvantage is that it is bad fruit shape and flavorless.
University of California that the new breeding Ventana Camarosanın world has succeeded. Our country of this kind can not be imported Camarosa not be brought under VAT registered. Necessary to establish orchards for export and the production is to be made under special conditions are given permission to import. Shocked the world with production of strawberry seedlings are returned to fresh seedlings. 700 m from the resulting seedlings in the seedbed with high production gives better results than seedlings with shock. Yield seedlings with shock in March to the beginning and the weather to warm up until June-July until seedbed eder.Yüksek altitude obtained from fresh seedlings productivity in the mid-January and the weather starts to warm up until June-July until served. Less than 700 m obtained from fresh seedlings in nursery bed in December, will begin production in the months of February-March ends. Obtained from high-altitude seedbed of fresh fruit seedlings in the homogeneous fruit size, color and shape is obtained at low rates to obtain the second-class fruit. In shock at higher rates with seedlings of fruit to obtain the amorphous and the second class.
And open field production of strawberries under the cover is a plant. Summer planting in open areas (Frigo Fide) 5000 plants / min, covering the Winter planting under (Fresh seedlings) 8000bitki/dk. the production is done. Before planting 150kg Superphoshpate / min. and organic fertilizers should be given 4-6t/dk. Soil solarization fümigasyonu and should be done. Winter planting should be 30 cm bed height of 1m width. Sprinkler and drip system in greenhouse for planting should be used with soil water requirement must be met prior to planting, the planting rate should not be made. Received from the seedlings in the seedbed evening coolness not to be deep and yüzlek roots should be planted as steep. Deep planting occurs because of plant death.
Planting will begin with irrigation climate and weather (strong winds, hot weather) to cool off than with sprinkler irrigation is done. Two weeks after the switch to be completely drip irrigation. One month after planting plastic mulch is pulled because of weed control, cleaning of fruit, fruit of the earth and soil surface to prevent the theme is for the heating.
Annual 35-40kg of pure nitrogen, potassium decare 15-20 kg.saf by strawberry plants are removed from the soil. 30 ppm in soil P level is sufficient, should not be forgotten that the high level of P toprakda binding on other elements, especially micro-elements. Sulfuric acid for low pH in the root zone application gives better results. May bring about dangerous consequences of acid application, the application must be experts in control. Drip fertilization should be made in each water. Strawberry in greenhouse cultivation in winter is very important especially in ventilation. Ventilation should be absolutely the exception of rainy weather. Ventilation has not been reduced fruit quality in greenhouse pollination does not perform. High temperature accelerates the development of domestic greenhouse vegatatif but also brings the fruit and leaf blight. Sera with high humidity and temperature inside leaf spots, and red spider botritis increases the risk.
Harvest dates in the fight against drugs and chemicals to drugs should be considered. Flowers and fruits during the fruit's flavor changes of the drugs. Frozen strawberries is not harmful to plants, but long-term freezing of roots causes disease. To protect the flowers and fruit in greenhouse heat curtains drawn on a bed of flowers and fruit preserves drawn fiber. Taken over a long period fiber bed deformation due to causes that prevent dust. Heat screen or in the use of fiber daytime ventilation should be absolutely.
Prodenia, Red Spider, Thrips California, Botritis, Mildew, leaf spot and root diseases with cultural and chemical control should be.
The aim in the development of soilless nutrient solution with the help of plants to ensure food and water needs of plants from stress bring to fulfill. Earliness, to get more product from the 24000th unit area of Strawberry Seedling / dk.Üniform production, given the amount of nutrients that are needed for a long shelf life and more delicious. Soil origin, disease, pests and weeds not struggle to use less chemicals. Tillage, disinfected and labor and save time by not washing it again in a short time to go into production. Land unfit for agricultural production in the production of the agricultural land can be protected. The disadvantage is that the investment cost soilless height, having a manufacturer's private information and expression, the EC, the changes in pH and nutrient solution from the plant will be affected very quickly and Fusariom, Verticillium factors such as disease spreads fast.
| |||||||
|
